不同品种(种)油茶果径、籽径测定及机械脱蒲性能研究

Fruit and Seed Diameter of Different Cultivars of Camellia oleifera and Experiment on Fruit Shelling

对浙江主栽的11个油茶Camellia oleifera良种与3个浙江本土油茶品种(种)分别测定果径和籽径及其直径分布,并选取其中6个长林系列品种的油茶果进行混合测验机械脱蒲效果,分析油茶果的脱蒲率、油茶籽破损率和蒲籽分离率,研究果径、籽径对油茶机械化脱蒲的影响,为油茶果机械化脱蒲及加工机械开发提供理论依据与数据支撑。结果表明,果径分布区间在<19 mm、19~31 mm、31~43 mm、>43 mm的油茶果实比例分别为0.67%、35.55%、54.65%、9.13%;不同品种(种)油茶籽径分布有一定的差异,油茶籽径分布区间在<9 mm、9~15 mm、15~21 mm、>21 mm的油茶籽比例分别为1.79%、31.45%、57.80%、8.96%。机械化脱蒲试验结果表明,油茶果的脱蒲率为92.78%,油茶籽的破损率为2.34%,蒲籽分离率为87.20%,油茶籽径大于30 mm的油茶籽易受损,果径在19.58~21.22 mm的油茶果不易脱蒲和分离。可依据试验结果对油茶果脱蒲机械的辊子的尺寸、辊子运动的速度、筛选器的间隙等关键零部件进行设计与分析,同时可对不同果径的油茶果分选后,再分别进行机械脱蒲,以提高脱蒲率和蒲籽分离率,降低油茶籽破损率。

During 21-23 October 2021,fruits of Camellia oleifera and 13 cultivars were collected from 7-15-year mother tree in Qingtian and Longyou plantations of Zhejiang.Determinations were carried out on fruit and seed diameter.The results showed that the fruit with diameter of<19 mm,19 mm-31 mm,31 mm-43 mm and>43 mm occupied 0.67%,35.55%,54.65%and 9.13%.Seed diameter distribution ranged within<9 mm,9-15 mm,15 mm-21 mm and>21 mm,with 1.79%,31.45%,57.80%and 8.96%respectively.Experiment on shelling showed that shelling rate of fruits was 92.78%,with damage rate of seeds of 2.34%,and the separation rate of seed from fruit was 87.20%.The seed diameter greater than 30 mm would be easily damaged,and fruits diameter between 19.58 mm-21.22 mm could not easy to be shelled and separated.