算法自动决策的解释请求权之探析

Exploring the Right to Request Explanations for Algorithmic Auto Decision-making

数据不断挖掘运用与个人信息过度透明化导致的数据失控、“大数据杀熟”的价格歧视与社会语境中的身份歧视、在算法损害数据主体权益后的责任追究困难是算法自动决策所面临的三大主要风险。《民法典》中衍生出算法解释权的权利正当性基础,将算法解释进行二元架构,分为专业技术内部解释与合规社会外部解释方可破除算法黑箱。而依据算法解释权将风险再分配,既规制了算法滥用造成的平台风险又权衡了数据主体的责任承担。在我国算法治理中,应当探索算法自动决策在我国算法治理中的精准化、场景化规制,据此构建内外兼顾的算法解释体系,优化算法社会控制与监管。

There are three main risks in automatic decision-making of algorithms:uncontrolled data caused by continuous data mining and excessive transparency of personal information,price discrimination caused by“big data maturity”and identity discrimination in social context,and difficulty in accountability after algorithms damage the rights and interests of data subjects.The Civil Code derives the right justification foundation of algorithmic interpretation,and divides the binary structure of algorithmic interpretation into internal interpretation of professional technology and external interpretation of compliance society in order to break the algorithmic black box.The risk is redistributed according to the right of algorithm interpretation,which not only regulates the platform risk caused by algorithm abuse but also weighs the responsibility of data subjects.In China’s algorithm governance,we should explore the precise and scenario-based regulation of algorithmic automatic decision-making,build an algorithmic interpretation system that takes into account both internal and external aspects,and optimize algorithmic social control and regulation.