重大传染病防控中的有关伦理问题研究

Research on Ethical Issues in the Prevention and Control of Major Infectious Diseases

重大传染病具有突发性、群体性及危害性特点,隔离作为紧急情况下控制传染源、保护易感人群的应急管理手段,在传染病防治领域被广泛应用。但在取得良好防治成效的同时,也客观存在着个人自由与公共健康、个人隐私与公众知情之间的伦理冲突。针对隔离实施阶段暴露出的伦理问题进行充分探讨,遵循最小侵害、效用、尊重等伦理原则,提出加强基层工作人员伦理决策能力、完善隔离运行程序、给予隔离人群更多人文关怀的建议。期望在公共利益与个人权益相统一的前提下,促成个人诉求与公共利益的良性互动,妥当解决重大传染病处置中存在的现实难题,发挥公共政策目标的最优功能。

Major infectious diseases have the characteristics of sudden,group and harmfulness.Isolation is widely used in the field of infectious disease prevention and control as an emergency management tool to control the source of infection and protect susceptible populations in emergencies.However,while it has achieved good results,there are also objective ethical disputes between personal freedom and public health,personal privacy and public knowledge.This paper fully discusses the ethical problems exposed in the implementation stage of isolation,follows the ethical principles of minimum infringement,utility and respect,and puts forward suggestions to strengthen the ethical decision-making ability of grassroots personnel,improve the operation procedures of isolation,and give more humanistic care to the isolated population.On the premise of the unity of public interest and individual rights and interests,we hope to promote the benign interaction between individuals and the public,properly solve the practical problems existing in the disposal of major infectious diseases,and give full play to the optimal function of public policy objectives.