创新方式与柔性战略对后发企业追赶路径的影响——基于fsQCA的实证分析

Impact of Innovation Mode and Flexible Strategy on the Catch-up Path of Latecomer Enterprises:An Empirical Analysis Based on fsQCA

后发企业追赶的以往研究主要集中于技术追赶、商业模式。不同于以往研究,从企业创新和战略层面探讨其对后发企业追赶行为的影响,并引入消费者接受程度和领先企业对后发企业追赶行为的态度来衡量后发企业是否采用柔性战略,同时衡量后发企业新产品是否具有市场优势以及追赶超越的难度;基于20个典型案例,通过模糊集定性分析法和二分法进行编码、赋值和校准处理,最终得到后发企业实现追赶甚至超越领先企业的6条路径。结果表明:颠覆性创新在后发企业追赶过程中起到了重要影响作用,后发企业往往通过边缘市场培植新技术发展直至符合主流市场需求,但后发企业要善于采取颠覆性创新方式;柔性战略可以避免追赶过程中不必要的竞争,弥补后发企业在技术和市场等方面的不足,发挥企业创新优势;多元化创新方式有利于企业内部形成综合性、立体性和多维度的创新能力,且与柔性策略交互作用可以提高后发企业核心竞争力,有助于后发企业的追赶。据此提出在多元化创新能力和柔性战略的交互作用下,后发企业要注重培养自身的多元创新能力,并充分结合自身创新能力和柔性战略提高竞争力。

Previous studies on catching up with latecomers have mainly focused on technology catching up and business models.Unlike previous studies,this paper discusses the influence on the catch-up behavior of latecomer enterprises from the perspective of enterprise innovation and strategy,and introduces two concepts of consumer acceptance degree and the attitude of leading enterprises towards the catch-up behavior of the latecomer enterprisesfocuses to measure whether the latecomer adopts flexible strategy,at the same time,it measures whether the new products of latedevelopment enterprises have market advantages and the difficulty of catching up and surpassing.Based on 20 typical cases,the coding,value assignment and calibration processing are conducted through the fuzzy set qualitative analysis method and the dichotomy method,and finally it gets 6 paths for the latecomer enterprises to achieve catch-up or even surpass the leading enterprises.The results show that disruptive innovation plays an important role in the catch-up process of latecomer enterprises,latecomer enterprises often develop new technologies through edge markets until they meet the mainstream market needs,but they should be good at taking disruptive innovation ways;flexible strategy can avoid unnecessary competition in the process of catch-up,make up for the shortcomings of latecomers in technology and market,and give play to the advantages of innovation;diversified innovation mode is conducive to the formation of comprehensive,three-dimensional and multi-dimensional innovation ability within enterprises,and the interaction with flexible strategies can improve the core competitiveness of the latecomer enterprises,and contribute to the latecomer enterprises to catch up.Therefore,under the interaction of diversified innovation ability and flexible strategy,latecomers should pay attention to the cultivation of their own diversified innovation ability,and fully combine their own innovation ability and flexible strategy to improve competitiveness.