人体生命早期呼吸系统菌群与肺部微生物组发育特征及早期菌群稳态研究现状

Research progress on respiratory system microflora and development characteristics of lung microbiome and homeostasis of lung microflora in early life

人体生命早期呼吸系统菌群的组成(种类与数量)是近年儿童呼吸领域的研究热点之一,越来越多研究提示,人体生命早期呼吸道暴露于细菌环境,是影响肺部免疫系统发育的重要因素。呼吸系统菌群组成,可影响肺功能和呼吸生理,影响机体对呼吸系统病原体及外界刺激的易感性。生命早期是外界环境刺激与微生物组定植的最初暴露期,也是肺发育的关键时期。人体生命早期肺部微生物组发育特征及早期菌群稳态,可能影响肺免疫细胞分化和成熟,若肺定植微生物组失调,可能增加肺感染风险。研究表明,呼吸系统菌群随着肺疾病发生而变化,并且与肺疾病的严重程度有关。因此,探讨肺部微生物组发育特征及早期菌群稳态和宿主相互作用,对研究肺感染疾病发病机制至关重要。笔者拟对人体生命早期呼吸系统菌群组成及其来源,影响人体生命早期肺部微生物组发育特征及早期菌群稳态因素,呼吸系统正常菌群对肺部免疫系统调节作用,以及人体生命早期呼吸系统菌群异常与肺感染疾病等的最新研究进展进行阐述。

The composition(type and quantity)of respiratory system microflora in early life has been one of the research hotspots in the field of children′s respiratory in recent years.More and more studies suggest that respiratory tract exposure to bacteria in early life is an important factor in the development of lung immune system,and the composition of respiratory system microflora can affect the pulmonary functions and respiration physiological functions,so as to regulate the body′s susceptibility to respiratory pathogens and external stimuli.Early life is the initial period of exposure to environmental stimuli and microbial colonization,and is also a critical period for lung development.The developmental characteristics of lung microbiome and homeostasis of lung microflora in early life may affect the differentiation and maturation of lung immune cells,and the imbalance of lung microbiome may increase the risk of lung infection.Studies have shown that respiratory system microflora varies with the occurrence of lung disease and is related to the severity of lung disease.Therefore,it is very important to explore the interaction between developmental characteristics of lung microbiome,homeostasis of lung microflora in early life and the host for the study of pathogenesis of lung infection diseases.The author intends to discuss the composition and origin of respiratory system microflora in early life,factors affecting the developmental characteristics of lung microbiome and homeostasis of lung microflora in early life,regulation effects of normal respiratory system microflora on lung immune system,and the abnormal respiratory system microflora and lung infection diseases in early life.