2020年河南省儿童和孕妇碘营养状况调查分析

Analysis of iodine nutrition status of children and pregnant women in Henan Province in 2020

目的了解河南省8~10岁儿童和孕妇碘营养状况。方法 2020年3-9月, 采用横断面调查方法, 在河南省18个省辖市和9个直管县(统称省辖市)的155个县(市、区), 每个县(市、区)按东、西、南、北、中5个方位各抽取1个乡, 每个乡抽取1所小学, 每所小学抽取8~10岁非寄宿儿童40名(男女各半);每个乡抽取孕妇20名。分别采集儿童、孕妇家中食用盐盐样和随机1次尿样, 检测盐碘、尿碘含量;并检查每个省辖市所辖1/3监测县(市、区)儿童的甲状腺容积。结果共采集8~10岁儿童家中食用盐盐样31 645份, 盐碘中位数为25.8 mg/kg, 碘盐覆盖率为97.8%(30 941/31 645), 合格碘盐食用率为93.4%(29 545/31 645);采集孕妇家中食用盐盐样15 234份, 盐碘中位数为25.7 mg/kg, 碘盐覆盖率为98.1%(14 937/15 234), 合格碘盐食用率为92.2%(14 040/15 234)。共检测8~10岁儿童尿样31 642份, 尿碘中位数为235.0 μg/L;检测孕妇尿样15 234份, 尿碘中位数为196.5 μg/L。检查儿童甲状腺容积13 792例, 甲状腺肿大率为1.2%(165/13 792)。结论河南省8~10岁儿童碘营养处于超适宜量水平, 甲状腺肿大率< 5%;孕妇碘营养处于适宜水平。

Objective To investigate the iodine nutritional status of children aged 8-10 years old and pregnant women in Henan Province.Methods From March to September 2020,a cross-sectional survey was conducted in 18 provincial-level cities and 9 directly administered counties(collectively referred to as provincial-level cities)and 155 counties(cities,districts)in Henan Province.One township was selected from each county(city,district)in five directions:east,west,south,north,and central.One primary school was selected from each township,and 40 non boarding children aged 8-10 years old(half male and half female)were selected from each primary school;20 pregnant women were selected from each township.Home edible salt samples and once urine samples from children and pregnant women were collected,to detect salt iodine and urinary iodine levels.Thyroid volume of children in 1/3 of the monitored counties(cities,districts)under the jurisdiction of each provincial-level city was examined.Results A total of 31645 home edible salt samples were collected from children aged 8-10 years old,with a median salt iodine of 25.8 mg/kg,the iodine salt coverage rate was 97.8%(30941/31645)and qualified iodine salt consumption rate was 93.4%(29545/31645).A total of 15234 home edible salt samples were collected from pregnant women,with a median salt iodine of 25.7 mg/kg,the iodized salt coverage rate was 98.1%(14937/15234),and the qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 92.2%(14040/15234).A total of 31642 urine samples from children aged 8-10 years old were tested,with a median urine iodine of 235.0μg/L;15234 urine samples from pregnant women were tested,with a median urinary iodine of 196.5μg/L.The thyroid volume of 13792 children was examined,and the rate of goiter was 1.2%(165/13792).Conclusions Iodine nutrition of 8-10 years old children in Henan Province is at an over appropriate iodine level,and the prevalence of goiter is less than 5%.Pregnant women's iodine nutrition is at an appropriate iodine level.