2017-2019年厦门市8~10岁儿童碘营养状况调查

Investigation of iodine nutritional status of children aged 8 to 10 years in Xiamen City from 2017 to 2019

目的了解厦门市盐业体制改革后8~10岁儿童碘营养状况,为科学防治碘缺乏病提供依据。方法2017-2019年,在厦门市下辖的6个区,每个区划分为5个片区,每个片区抽取1个镇(街道,以下简称镇),每个镇抽取1所小学,每所小学抽取8~10岁非寄宿儿童40人(年龄、性别均衡),检测家中食用盐碘含量和随意1次尿样碘含量,并对儿童进行甲状腺B超检查。结果2017-2019年,厦门市碘盐覆盖率分别为97.34%(1206/1239)、96.89%(1214/1253)、93.33%(1175/1259);合格碘盐食用率分别为96.13%(1191/1239)、95.61%(1198/1253)、91.58%(1153/1259);8~10岁儿童尿碘中位数分别为182.90、182.81、164.00μg/L。男、女儿童甲状腺肿大率分别为1.01%(19/1889)和2.26%(42/1862)。结论盐业体制改革后,厦门市8~10岁儿童碘营养状况总体处于适宜水平,但合格碘盐食用率降低,使居民碘缺乏风险加大。应加强科学补碘宣传,保持高合格碘盐食用率,防止碘缺乏危害。

Objective To learn about the iodine nutritional status of children aged 8 to 10 years in Xiamen City after the reform of salt industry system,and to provide scientific basis for reasonable prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods From 2017 to 2019,6 districts were selected each year in Xiamen City 5 sampling districts were divided according to the oriation of east,west,south,north and center in each district.One town(street,hereinafter refered as to town)was selected from each sampling district.One primary school was selected from each town.For each primary school,at least 40 non-boarding children aged 8 to 10 years(age balanced,half male and half female)were selected.Edible salt samples in the households and random urine samples of children aged 8 to 10 years were collected,and salt iodine and urinary iodine contents were measured,while thyroid volume was examined by B-ultrasound.Results From 2017 to 2019,the coverage rate of iodized salt in Xiamen City was 97.34%(1206/1239),96.89%(1214/1253),and 93.33%(1175/1259),respectively;the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 96.13%(1191/1239),95.61%(1198/1253),and 91.58%(1153/1259),respectively;the median urinary iodine was 182.90,182.81,164.00μg/L,respectively.The prevalence of goiter of boys and girls was 1.01%(19/1889)and 2.26%(42/1862),respectively.Conclusions After the reform of salt industry system,the iodine nutritional status of children aged 8 to 10 years is generally at an appropriate level in Xiamen City.However,the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt is reduced,which increases the risk of iodine deficiency for residents.Therefore,we should strengthen the propaganda of scientific iodine supplement,maintain a high consumption rate of qualified iodized salt,and prevent the harm of iodine deficiency.