2021年江苏省东台市8~15岁学生个体碘营养调查分析

Investigation and analysis of individual iodine nutrition among students aged 8 to 15 in Dongtai City, Jiangsu Province in 2021

目的分析江苏省东台市8~15岁学生个体碘营养状况及其影响因素。方法2021年5-8月参照《全国碘缺乏病监测方案》(2016版)中的抽样方法,在东台市共选取905名8~15岁学生作为调查对象。采集学生家中食用盐盐样进行盐碘检测;采集学生尿样进行尿碘和尿肌酐检测,采用肌酐校正方法估计个体24 h尿碘排出量并计算碘摄入量。同时,通过调查问卷和实际测量收集学生基本信息(年龄、性别、身高、体重等)和高碘食物(海产品、蛋类、肉类、牛奶、固体零食)的食用频次。结果东台市碘盐覆盖率为98.2%(889/905),碘盐合格率为97.9%(870/889),合格碘盐食用率为96.1%(870/905)。学生24 h尿碘排出量估计值中位数为179.7μg/d;碘摄入量估计值中位数为195.4μg/d,碘摄入量估计值<推荐摄入量(RNI)的占16.2%(147/905),RNI~可耐受最高摄入量(UL)的占63.4%(574/905),>UL的占20.3%(184/905)。8~10、11~13、14~15岁学生24 h尿碘排出量估计值中位数分别为157.4、193.0、236.5μg/d,组间比较差异有统计学意义(H=55.42,P<0.001);男生24 h尿碘排出量估计值中位数高于女生(222.6比148.6μg/d),城市学生24 h尿碘排出量估计值中位数高于乡镇学生(215.6比162.7μg/d),差异均有统计学意义(Z=-8.41、-5.66,均P<0.001);不同身体质量指数(消瘦、超重、肥胖、正常)和高碘食物(海产品、肉类、牛奶、蛋类、固体零食)不同食用频次学生24 h尿碘排出量估计值中位数比较,差异均有统计学意义(H=56.15,23.15、21.20、60.77、20.01、24.47,均P<0.001)。结论东台市8~15岁学生存在碘缺乏或碘过量的现象,8~10岁体质消瘦的女生是碘缺乏重点关注的对象。

Objective To analyze the individual iodine nutrition status and its influencing factors among students aged 8 to 15 in Dongtai City,Jiangsu Province.Methods From May to August 2021,a total of 905 students aged 8 to 15 were selected as survey subjects in Dongtai City based on the sampling method in the"National Monitoring Plan for Iodine Deficiency Disorders"(2016 version).Salt samples from students'homes were collected for salt iodine testing.Urine samples of students were collected for urinary iodine and creatinine testing.The creatinine correction method was used to estimate individual 24 h urinary iodine excretion and calculate iodine intake.At the same time,basic information(age,gender,height,weight,etc.)and consumption frequency of iodine rich foods(seafood,eggs,meat,milk,solid snacks)of students were collected through questionnaires and actual measurements.Results The coverage rate of iodized salt in Dongtai City was 98.2%(889/905),the qualified rate of iodized salt was 97.9%(870/889),and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 96.1%(870/905).The median estimated 24 h urinary iodine excretion was 179.7μg/d.The median estimated iodine intake was 195.4μg/d,the constituent ratio of estimated iodine intake<recommended nutrient intake(RNI)was 16.2%(147/905),RNI-tolerable upper intake level(UL)was 63.4%(574/905),and>UL was 20.3%(184/905).The medians estimated 24 h urinary iodine excretion of students aged 8-10,11-13 and 14-15 were 157.4,193.0 and 236.5μg/d,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(H=55.42,P<0.001).The median estimated 24 h urinary iodine excretion of boys was higher than that of girls(222.6 vs 148.6μg/d),and the median estimated 24 h urinary iodine excretion of urban students was higher than that of township students(215.6 vs 162.7μg/d),the differences were statistically significant(Z=-8.41,-5.66,P<0.001).There were statistically significant differences in the median estimated 24 h urinary iodine excretion between students with different body mass index(weight loss,overweight,obesity,normal;H=56.15,P<0.001)and iodine rich foods consumption frequencies(seafood,meat,milk,eggs,solid snacks;H=23.15,21.20,60.77,20.01,24.47,P<0.001).Conclusion Iodine deficiency or excess exists in students aged 8-15 in Dongtai City,and girls aged 8-10 who are physically emaciated are the focus of attention for iodine deficiency.