2021年江苏省饮水型地方性氟中毒监测结果分析

Analysis of surveillance results of drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis in Jiangsu Province in 2021

目的掌握江苏省饮水型地方性氟中毒病区防治措施的落实情况及病情变化趋势。方法2021年3-10月,对江苏省27个县(市、区)全部1972个饮水型地方性氟中毒病区村进行普查,监测各病区村改水工程运转情况,检测水氟含量;检查所有病区村8~12岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况。结果1972个饮水型地方性氟中毒病区村均已完成改水,改水工程全部正常运转且水氟合格。其中,实现控制目标的病区村有1774个,占全部病区村的89.96%;控制措施达标的病区村有198个,占全部病区村的10.04%。共监测改水工程47个,其中小型改水工程2个,占全部工程数的4.26%;大型改水工程45个,占全部工程数的95.74%。共检查8~12岁儿童125790例,检出氟斑牙12625例,氟斑牙检出率为10.04%,氟斑牙指数为0.19。8~12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率分别为9.98%(1854/18579)、10.27%(2704/26323)、9.48%(2765/29152)、9.73%(2835/29145)、10.92%(2467/22591),年龄间比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.51,P=0.015)。198个控制措施达标的病区村中,按历史水氟划分,各水氟范围(历史水氟:1.20~2.00、2.01~3.00、3.01~4.00、>4.00 mg/L)的控制措施达标村儿童氟斑牙检出率分别为37.73%(698/1850)、43.17%(1176/2724)、45.50%(769/1690)、55.20%(802/1453),组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=104.15,P<0.001)。结论江苏省饮水型地方性氟中毒病区改水防治措施取得了明显成效,仍需进一步巩固防治成果。

Objective To learn about the implementation of prevention and control measures in drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis areas and the trend of the disease change in Jiangsu Province.Methods In March to October 2021,a general survey was carried out in 1972 villages with drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis in 27 counties(cities and districts)of Jiangsu Province,the operation of water improvement projects in the villages was monitored,and the water fluoride content was determined.The prevalence of dental fluorosis among children aged 8 to 12 years in all the villages was investigated.Results The 1972 villages with drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis had completed water improvement,and all water improvement projects were operating normally and the water was qualified.Among them,1774 villages in the disease affected areas had achieved the control goal,accounting for 89.96%;and there were 198 villages in the disease affected areas with control measures up to the standard,accounting for 10.04%.A total of 47 water improvement projects were monitored,including 2 small-scale water improvement projects,accounting for 4.26%.There were 45 large-scale water improvement projects,accounting for 95.74%.A total of 125790 children aged 8 to 12 years were examined,and 12625 cases of dental fluorosis were detected.The detection rate of dental fluorosis was 10.04%,and the dental fluorosis index was 0.19.The detection rate of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 to 12 years was 9.98%(1854/18579),10.27%(2704/26323),9.48%(2765/29152),9.73%(2835/29145)and 10.92%(2467/22591),respectively,with statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=10.51,P=0.015).Among the 198 villages with control measures up to standard,according to the historical water fluoride,the detection rate of dental fluorosis in children in each water fluoride range(1.20-2.00,2.01-3.00,3.01-4.00,>4.00 mg/L)was 37.73%(698/1850),43.17%(1176/2724),45.50%(769/1690)and 55.20%(802/1453),respectively,with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=104.15,P<0.001).Conclusion The water improvement measures in drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Jiangsu Province have achieved significant results,which still need to be further consolidated.