2020-2021年北京市昌平区诺如病毒急性胃肠炎聚集性疫情流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of norovirus acute gastroenteritis events in Changping,Beijing from 2020 to 2021

目的 分析2020-2021年北京市昌平区诺如病毒急性胃肠炎聚集性疫情流行特征,为科学制定诺如病毒急性胃肠炎疫情防控措施提供依据。方法 收集2020-2021年北京市昌平区诺如病毒急性胃肠炎聚集性疫情流调和临床资料,用实时荧光PCR方法检测诺如病毒;采用描述性的流行病学方法,分析疫情三间分布等流行病学特征。结果2020-2021年北京市昌平区共报告51起诺如病毒急性胃肠炎聚集性疫情,疫情样本中诺如病毒检出率为20.08%(303/1 509);诺如病毒疫情冬季高发,发生在冬季的疫情占52.94%(27/51),其中12月占50.98%(26/51);城乡结合部的2个镇发生疫情起数最多,占47.06%(24/51),不同地区罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=653.553,P<0.05);托幼机构发生疫情起数最多,占58.82%(30/51),不同人群罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=797.526,P<0.05);病例最常见的症状是呕吐,占78.61%(305/388),呕吐、腹泻和发热症状在不同人群间差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论 城乡结合部和托幼机构更易发生诺如病毒疫情;一年四季均有诺如病毒疫情发生,冬季高发,12月为流行高峰;病例以呕吐为主要临床表现。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the norovirus acute gastroenteritis events in Changping,Beijing from 2020 to 2021,and provide the evidence for the scientific formulation of the norovirus acute gastroenteritis epidemic prevention.Methods The epidemiological data and clinical manifestations of the norovirus acute gastroenteritis events were collected,and real-time PCR was used to detect norovirus.Statistical software SPSS 22.0 was used forx test;descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the characteristics including the distribution of population,time and region.Results From 2020 to 2021,51 events of norovirus acute gastroenteritis were reported in Changping District,Beijing,and of the samples collected from the events,the detection rate of norovirus was 20.08%(303/1509);norovirus demonstrated significant seasonality,with a significant increase in winter(52.94%)(27/51),with the highest proportion of 50.98%(26/51)in December.The highest number of events occurred in 2 towns located in the urban-rural area,accounting for 47.06%(24/51),and the attacking rate was statistically significant in different areas(χ^(2)=653.553,P<0.05).the highest number of events occurred in childcare institutions accounting for 58.82%(30/51).The attacking rate was statistically significant in different population(χ^(2)=797.526,P<0.05).Vomiting was the most common symptoms,accounting for 78.61%(305/388),and the proportion of vomiting,diarrhea and fever symptoms were sta tistically significant among different population groups(all P<0.05).Conclusions Norovirus clustered events are more likely to occur in the urban-rural fringe areas and childcare institutions in Changping.It occurs throughout the year,with the epidemic peak in December.Vomiting is the main clinical manifestation of the cases.