2021年福州市261家企业职业病防护管理现状调查

Investigation and analysis on management status of occupational disease prevention of 261 enterprises in Fuzhou,2021

目的了解福州市企业职业病防护管理现状,为规范辖区内企业职业卫生管理工作提供科学依据。方法根据2021年福州市工作场所职业病危害因素监测项目,选取261家存在职业病重点危害因素的企业进行职业病防护管理现状调查。结果261家企业中,企业规模以小型企业和微型企业为主,分别为154家(59.00%)和68家(26.05%);经济类型以内资企业为主,共242家(92.72%)。调查时企业职业病危害因素申报率仅为68.20%。企业职业病危害因素防护设施总体设置率和设置总体有效率分别为69.73%和44.06%;企业个人防护用品总体发放率和总体有效率分别为75.73%和50.06%;职业病危害警示标识及警示说明总体设置率为49.19%。职业病危害因素防护设施总体设置率和设置总体有效率、个人防护用品总体发放率和佩戴总体有效率、职业病危害警示标识及警示说明总体设置率均随企业规模的减小而降低(P均<0.05),其中大型企业和微型企业职业病危害因素防护设施总体设置率分别为97.22%和56.86%,设置总体有效率分别为75.00%和26.47%;个人防护用品总体发放率分别为94.44%和67.65%,佩戴总体有效率分别为86.11%和31.37%;职业病危害警示标识及警示说明总体设置率分别为75.00%和33.12%。结论福州市企业职业病防护管理现状不容乐观,企业规模越小,职业病防护管理现状越差。监管部门要加大监管力度,尤其是对小型企业和微型企业的监管力度。有效开展职业病防护管理工作,在提升企业职业病危害因素自主申报的同时,加强健康教育与健康促进,不断提高企业职业病防护主体责任意识和从业人员职业病防护意识及技能,切实保护从业人员的职业健康。

Objective To understand the status of occupational disease prevention management in enterprises of Fuzhou for providing scientific basis to standardize the occupational health management of enterprises in the jurisdiction.Method According to the monitoring project of occupational hazards in the workplace of Fuzhou in 2021,261 enterprises with key occupational hazards in Fuzhou were selected to investigate and analyze the occupational disease prevention management status.Results Of the 261 enterprises,the majority was small enterprises and micro-enterprises,which accounted for 154(59.00%)and 68(26.05%),respectively.Domestic enterprises dominated the distribution of economic types,with a total of 242 enterprises(92.72%).The report rate of occupational hazard factors was only 68.20%.The overall establishment rate of protection facilities against occupational hazard factors and effective rate of establishment in the enterprises was 69.73%and 44.06%,respectively.The overall supply rate and effective rate of wearing personal protective equipment was 75.73 and 50.06%,respectively.The overall setting rate of occupational hazard warning signs and warning instructions was 49.19%.With the decrease of enterprise size,the overall establishment rate of protection facilities against occupational hazard factors and effective rate of establishment,the overall supply rate and effective rate of wearing personal protective equipment,and the overall setting rate of occupational hazard warning signs and warning instructions decreased(all P<0.05)The overall establishment rates of protective facilities against occupational hazard factors in large and micro-enterprises were 97.22%and 56.86%,respectively;the overall effective rate of establishment in large and micro-enterprises were 75.00%and 26.47%,respectively.The overall supply rates of personal protective equipment in large and micro-enterprises were 94.44%and 67.65%%,respectively;the overalleffective rates of wearing personal protective equipment in large and micro-enterprises were 86.11%and 31.37%,respectively.The overall setting rate of occupational hazard warning signs and warning instructions in large and micro-enterprises were 75.00%and 33.12%,respectively.Conclusions The status of occupational disease prevention management in Fuzhou enterprises is not optimistic.The smaller the enterprise,the worse the occupational disease prevention management.The supervision department should increase the supervision,especially for small enterprises and micro enterprises.Enterprises should effectively conduct occupational disease prevention management,improve their independent declaration of occupational hazard factors,strengthen health education and health promotion,and constantly enhance the enterprise main responsibility awareness of occupational disease prevention,and the occupational protection awareness and skills of employees to protect the occupational health of employees.