腭大孔与周围解剖结构的应用解剖

Applied anatomy of the greater palatine foramen and surrounding anatomical structures

目的 :研究腭大孔与周围解剖结构的关系,为临床手术提供解剖学依据。方法 :选取成人干燥颅骨,观察腭小孔的数量,用游标卡尺等测量腭大孔最后点的间距、腭大孔最后点到鼻后棘最后点和同侧最近腭小孔最前点的距离、两侧腭大孔最后点到上颌同侧、对侧同名1~8腭侧(舌侧)牙槽嵴最低点的距离及所成夹角。结果:腭大孔最后点的间距平均值为33.48 mm;腭大孔最后点到鼻后棘最后点的距离平均值为17.99 mm;腭大孔最后点到同侧最近腭小孔最前点的距离平均值为2.03 mm;两侧腭大孔最后点到上颌同侧同名1~8腭侧牙槽嵴最低点的距离平均值分别为42.33 mm、39.77 mm、35.64 mm、31.22 mm、25.93 mm、18.46 mm、14.17 mm和13.62 mm,到上颌对侧同名1~8腭侧牙槽嵴最低点的距离平均值分别为45.13 mm、46.14 mm、45.21 mm、43.60mm、42.33mm、38.78mm、37.66mm和37.44mm,所成夹角平均值分别为44.60°、44.80°、46.57°、49.42°、52.06°、58.86°、60.30°和60.36°。经统计学分析,上述左、右两侧各距离和夹角的差异无统计学意义。结论 :腭大孔与周围解剖结构关系复杂,本研究数据为临床手术提供了参考。

Objective:To study the relationship between the greater palatine foramen a nd the surrounding anatomical structures to provide anatomical basis for clinical surgery.Methods:Dry adult skulls were selected.The number of lesser palatine foramen was observed.A vernier caliper was used to measure the distance between the last point of greater palatine foramen,the distance from the last point of greater palatine foramen to the last point of the posterior nasal spine,the anterior point of the lesser palatine foramen on the same side,and the distance and angle from the last point of the greater palatal foramen on both sides to the lowest point of the palatal alveolar ridge on the same side and the contralateral side of the maxilla with the same name 1-8.Results:The distance between the last points of the greater palatine foramen was 33.48 mm.The distance from the last point of the greater palatine foramen to the last point of the posterior nasal spine was 17.99 mm.The distance from the last point of the greater palatine foramen to the anterior point of the lesser palatine foramen on the same side was 2.03 mm.The distances from the last point of the greater palatine foramen on both sides to the lowest point of the palatal alveolar ridge of the same name 1-8 on the same side of the maxilla were 42.33 mm,39.77 mm,35.64 mm,31.22 mm,25.93 mm,18.46 mm,14.17 mm and 13.62 mm.The distances of the contralateral side were 45.13 mm,46.14 mm,45.21 mm,43.60 mm,42.33 mm,38.78 mm,37.66 mm and 37.44 mm.The angles were 44.60°,44.80°,46.57°,49.42°,52.06°,58.86°,60.30°and 60.36°.According to the statistical analysis,there was no statistically significant difference in the distance and angle between the left and right sides.Conclusion:The relationship between the greater palatal foramen and the surrounding anatomical structure was complex,and the data of this study provide a reference for clinical su rgery.