葫芦岛沿岸海域渔业资源群落结构与时空分布特征

Community structure and spatio-temporal distribution of fishery resources in the coastal water of Huludao

根据2019年4、5、8和10月在葫芦岛沿岸海域获取的4个航次的渔业资源调查数据,研究了葫芦岛沿岸海域渔业资源的群落结构和资源丰度的时空分布特征。结果表明:2019年调查共获得渔业资源种类42种,其中鱼类隶属于5目13科共21种,均属于硬骨鱼类,头足类4种,甲壳类17种。渔业资源优势种为矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)、短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri)和口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)。全年渔业资源多样性指数(H′)、均匀度指数(J)和物种丰富度指数(D)平均值分别为1.96、0.62和1.01,多样性指数以10月最高,其次为5月和4月,8月最低。调查海域渔获种类组成主要为虾类和鱼类,头足类和蟹类所占比例较小。渔业资源丰度月变化明显,8月最大为27 772 g/h,其次10月为7 856 g/h, 4月和5月最小,分别为1 164 g/h和1 542 g/h。渔业资源丰度随月份不同呈现不同的空间变化,从春季到秋季,资源丰度高值呈现由北部沿岸向南部移动的特点。本研究旨在为葫芦岛近岸水域渔业资源的合理开发和保护提供科学依据。

In order to describe the community structure and characterize the spatio-temporal distribution of the fishery resources in the coastal waters of Huludao,we analyzed the data collected in bottom trawl surveys on 4 different voyages in April,May,August and October 2019 in the coastal water of Huludao.There were 42 species found in the survey,which included 21 species of fish,17 species of crustaceans and 4 species of cephalopods.The dominant species were Chaeturichthys stigmatias,Cynoglossus joyneri and Oratosquilla oratoria.The species Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H'),evenness index(J)and richness(D)were calculated based on the survey data,H'ranged from 1.61 to 2.56 with an average of 1.96.J varied between 0.46 and 0.68 with an average of 0.62.The index D ranged from 0.81 to 1.34 with an average of 1.01.The diversity was the highest in October and the lowest in August.The main composition of the total catch was shrimps and fishes,and the proportion of cephalopods and crabs was relatively small.The fish species belonged to 5 orders and 13 families,which mainly comprised warm water and warm temperate species.The source abundance was the most in August,27,772g/h,which was followed by that in October(7,856g/h),in May(1,542g/h)and was the least in April,1,164g/h.The abundance of fishery resources varied with months.The high abundance of fishery resources moved from the north coastal water area to the south water from April to October.This study was carried out,aiming to provide a scientific basis for the rational development and protect fishery resources in the coastal water of Huludao.