“时间银行”何以提升乡村公共精神——基于社会交往理论视角的案例研究

How Time Bank Enhances Rural Public Consciousness:A Case Study Based on the Theoretical Lens of Social Communicative Action

公共精神对于乡村治理现代化意义重大,如何培育公共精神是新时期乡村治理的重点与难点。现有关于培育公共精神的研究主要聚焦于自上而下的制度建设路径,缺乏与村庄发展和村民生活的内在联结。江西省赣州市大余县“时间银行”从乡村治理切入,以“时间币”为桥梁将时间、积分和服务有机串联,在培育乡村公共精神方面作用明显。那么,“时间银行”何以提升乡村公共精神?其作用机制是什么?文章基于大余县案例,运用社会交往理论,提出了“时间银行—社会交往重构—价值整合—公共精神提升”的解释路径,“时间银行”的运作机制在于构建以“主体间性”为核心的社会交往模式,村民的个人价值与公共价值得以整合,进而催生公共精神。研究结论丰富了“时间银行”在乡村领域的实践,在理论层面分析了“时间银行”提升乡村公共精神的机制,并讨论了通过重构社会交往提升乡村公共精神的一般化路径。

Public consciousness has a pivotal role in rural governance.Enhancing public consciousness,which is important and difficult to achieve,is a key target in China today.Most studies have mainly focus on the top-down institution construction path.Such approaches,however,have failed to unveil the interconnection between village development and villagers'living experiences.This qualitative study of Dayu County illustrates how a Time Bank,as a time-based currency which connects time,points and services,enhances public consciousness.How does Time Bank enhance rural public consciousness?What is the underlying mechanism?Based on the case of Dayu County,this study puts forward an explanatory path of Time Bank-social communication reconstruction-value integration-public consciousness promotion through the perspective of the social communicative action theory.Time Bank reshapes the mode of social communication characterized by inter-subjectivity.In this process,the villagers'personal value and public value are integrated,thus strengthening public consciousness.This paper enriches the literature on the practices of Time Bank in rural China.It provides a theoretical explanation for understanding how Time Bank improves rural public consciousness,and also discusses the generalization path of improving rural public consciousness by reconstructing social communication.