国外时间银行运行的理论逻辑与我国本土化探索

The Theoretical Logic of Time Bank Abroad and Localization Exploration

时间银行作为以时间货币来交换劳动服务的社会创新方式,正广泛应用于国外各项社会实践中。特别是金融危机之后,欧美国家甚至将时间银行模式纳入公共政策的社会福利中,以社会承担更多的公共责任来应对经济危机所带来的福利政策紧缩。时间银行以时间作为社会投资的全新资源、以“礼物”互惠的广泛性来整合社会资源、以共同生产的核心经济为基础搭建积极信任平台,融合了新自由主义价值与互惠理念,改变着公民对福利的态度,在一定意义上有助于抵制新自由主义逻辑对社会领域的侵犯。时间与社会福利的结合也将为我国构建共建共治共享的社会治理共同体提供一条探索路径。我国在推进时间银行本土化的创新方式上,要注重探索国家主导、多方参与的复合治理方式,充分利用技术赋能、合理测算劳动服务,让时间银行能真正地在我国社会治理领域中发挥应有的价值。

As a social innovative way to exchange labor services with time currency,time banking is being widely used in various social activities abroad.Especially after the financial crisis,European and American countries have even incorporated the time banking model into the social welfare of public policies,in order to cope with the tightening of welfare policies brought about by the economic crisis by assuming more public responsibilities.Time banks use time as a new resource for social investment,integrate social resources with the extensive nature of"gift"reciprocity,and build a positive trust platform based on the core economy of co-production,fusing neoliberal values with the concept of reciprocity,changing citizens'attitudes toward welfare,and in a sense,helping to resist the neoliberal logic encroachment on the social sphere.The combination of time and social welfare will also provide an exploratory path for China to build a social governance community of collaboration,participation,and common interests.Therefore,the innovative way of promoting the localization of time bank in China should focus on exploring the compound governance approach led by the state and participated by multiple parties,making full use of technology empowerment and reasonable measurement of labor services,so that time bank can truly play its due role in social governance in China.