图像的境况:视觉实践与图像阐释的传播视角——兼论图像阐释学的释义系统

The Image Condition:Visual Practice and Image Interpretation from Perspective of Communication:A Discussion on the Meaning System of Image Hermeneutics

在传统的图像学那里,图像阐释的两大问题——情境问题和象征问题未能得到系统解决,迫切需要引入传播学的分析视角加以修正和完善。传播视角下的图像,不再是“静观”的文本对象,而是既定传播场景中的要素单元和实践形式,因此需要从图像文本转向图像实践,在传播维度上发现图像阐释的新问题、新变量及其打开的释义空间。具体而言,传播视角拓展了图像阐释的三大问题。一是图像分析的释义规则问题。图像阐释的互文语境、情景语境、文化语境,都存在一个基础性的传播生成逻辑。二是图像存在的发生场景问题。传播将信息模式带入现实场景,在图像发生学意义上重构了图像阐释的元语言系统。三是图像流动的生命历程问题。传播构建了由“图”及“象”的形象生成体系,从而赋予图像一种流动的“生命”形式,由此丰富了图像阐释的事件分析和历史分析进路。正是在传播视角下,图像阐释拥有了一种历时的、关系的、过程的、事件的认识维度,这使得我们可以围绕“图像的境况”命题,想象并重构图像阐释学的总体释义系统。传播视角赋予了图像阐释以新的意义空间,为克服当前较为普遍的强制阐释现象,提供了一种可能的整体性阐释方案。

The two major issues of image interpretation,namely,context and symbol remain unsolved in traditional iconology,and a perspective of communication is needed for further developments in this field.Rather than a static text,image is taken as a constitutive element as well as a form of practice in given situations,which calls for a turn from image text to image practice and attention towards new questions,variables,and dimensions of image interpretation on the perspective of communication.A communication perspective,in this sense,helps to probe into the following issues in image hermeneutics.Firstly,the interpretation rules of image analysis,which lays the foundation of discussing the inter-textual context,situational context and cultural context of image interpretation on the logic of communication.Secondly,the situations of image making,in which the information models are brought into practice and the meta-language system is reconstructed in the sense of genetic image study.Thirdly,the life span of image dissemination,in which the imagemaking system endows image with a flowing form of“life”,hence the event and historical approaches of image analysis are developed.It is the communication perspective that enables a relational,procedural,and event-based dimension of cognition which allows us to imagine and reconstruct a meaning system of image hermeneutics.