“富”与“教”的历史辩证与时代赋义

The Historical Dialectics of“Rich”and“Teaching”and the Meaning of the Times

孔子说立国有三大基石:人口、富裕、教化。人口是国家存在的前提,在一定人口基础上又须让百姓富裕,因为民富则易治、民富则国强。历史上对富民采取了许多有力的措施,但在“民富”和“国富”的先后轻重问题上有争议,形成了辩证发展智慧。在“富”与“教”的关系上传统政治虽然多提倡“先富后教”,但儒家更认为要关注富、教的统一性以及教化的独立性,认为“教”是国家的灵魂事业。儒家提供了相当完备的德教项目及方法,最终走向弘扬道德理想层面,指出“德教”的人性基础和政治必要性。传统的富教之道在新时代仍有广阔的发展前景,可以尝试将传统的“德教”之道与现代“德育”结合起来,以实现传统富教之道的“守正”及新时代的“创新”。

Confucius said that there are three cornerstones for the establishment of a nation:population,wealth,and enlightenment.Population is the prerequisite for the existence of a country.On the basis of a certain population,the people must be made rich,because the rich people make it easy to govern,and the rich people make the country strong.Many powerful measures have been taken to enrich the people in history,but there are disputes over the priority of“the people's wealth”and“the country's wealth”,forming a dialectical development wisdom.In terms of the relationship between“wealth”and“enlightenment”,although traditional politics often advocates“wealth first and then enlightenment”,Confucianism also believes that the unity of wealth and enlightenment and the independence of civilization should be paid more attention to,and“enlighten-ment”is the soul of the country.Confucianism has provided quite complete items and methods of moral education,and finally moved towards the promotion of moral ideals,pointing out the human foundation and political necessity of“moral education”.The traditional way of“wealth and education”still has broad prospects for development in the new era.We can try to combine the traditional“ethical education”way with modern“moral education”to realize the“keep the right part”of the traditional way of“wealth and enlightenment”and its“Innovation”in the new era.