麻醉与术后胃肠功能恢复的研究进展

Research progress of anesthesia and postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery

术后胃肠功能障碍是外科手术后常见并发症,明显影响患者的术后康复。目前多数研究以患者主观报告的数据评估术后胃肠功能。影响患者术后胃肠功能恢复的因素包括患者基础状态、围术期内环境状态、麻醉及手术等,发生机制涉及自主神经活性、内分泌系统、炎症反应等。术后胃肠功能的快速恢复是近年来的研究热点,与麻醉相关的饮食管理、麻醉方案与管理、多模式镇痛等措施均可有效改善术后胃肠功能,加速患者的康复进程。本文就术后胃肠功能的监测评估方法、麻醉药物对术后胃肠功能的影响以及麻醉相关的预防措施作一综述。

Postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction is a common complication after surgery,which significantly affects the postoperative recovery of patients.At present,most studies evaluate postoperative gastrointestinal function based on patient-reported data.Factors affecting the recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function include the patient's basic state,perioperative internal environmental state,anesthesia,surgery,and so on.The mechanism involves autonomic nerve activity,endocrine system,inflammatory response,and so on.The rapid recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function has been a research hotspot in recent years.Measures related to anesthesia,such as diet management,anesthesia plan and management,and multimodal analgesia,can effectively improve postoperative gastrointestinal function and accelerate the recovery process of patients.This paper aims to review the evaluation methods,the effects of anesthetics on postoperative gastrointestinal function and preventive measures related to anesthesia.