重庆云阳丝栗包夏商遗址发掘报告

THE SILIBAO SITE OF THE XIA AND SHANG PERIOD IN YUNYANG COUNTY,CHONGQING

丝栗包遗址在三峡库区建设前属重庆云阳双江镇群益村十四组和八组,现位于搬迁后的云阳新县城城区西南侧,地处长江北岸边。地理坐标为北纬30°55′16″、东经108°42′15″,海拔145-150米(图一)。遗址位于丝栗包南侧崖壁下、上岩寺东侧一处小台地上,当地居民称为余家河坝。遗址南面长江,北靠陡峭山崖。由于库区二期长江水位的上涨(最高水位约为143米),在发掘前台地仅残存一小块缓坡地带,东西宽约100、南北深约40米,呈近南宽北窄的半圆形。台地北面是数十米高的山崖,几近垂直,东、西两面也都是较陡的斜坡和小岗。台地为北高南低的缓斜坡,一条小沟将台地分为东、西两部分,西区面积较小,东区面积较大,并由于近代民居的建造而形成北高南低的两级阶梯状平地,高度差约2米,原有两个民居宅院(余家院子)。夏商遗址即位于东区(图二;图版壹,1)。

The Silibao site is located on a small riverside plateau on the north bank of the Yangtze River in Qunyi Village,Shuangjiang Town,Yunyang County,Chongqing City,with geographical co0rdinates 30°55'16"N and 108°42’15"E and an elevation of 145-150 m.The archaeologists conducted two excavations in 2003 and 2004,and a large number of remains from the Xia and Shang period were found.The features include seven house sites,42 ash pits,and two burials.The house sites are small ground-level,single-room buildings constructed by wattle-and-daub method.The remains include pottery items,lithic tools,bone and horn tools,and clamshell tools.Most of the remains are coarse-paste and finepastc pottery items,and some of them have polished surfaces.The surface colors vary due to uneven firing,mainly gray,grayish-brown,black,and blackish-brown.There is a wide variety of decorations,such as cord,checkered,incised,and band patterns.About 470 pieces of pottery items are found,including small flat-bottom guan-jars,everted-rim guanjars,curled-rim guan-jars,straight-mouth guan-jars,contracted-mouth guan-jars,highcollar guan-jars,single-loop guan-jars,dou-stem bowls,lamp-shaped wares,gui-tureens,he-pitchers,thick-walled gang-vats,large-mouth gang-vats,weng-urns,bo-bowls,hujars,bei-cups,pan-plates,vessel lids,boat-shaped wares,spoons with handles,and spindle whorls.There are 71 pieces of lithic tools made of pebbles on the river bank,and 25 pieces are ground.The lithic tools include axes,adzes,hoe-shaped tools,chopping tools,cutting tools,scraping tools,spearheads,conical tools,pointed tools,knocking and smashing tools,net pendants,and rings.There are also a small number of bone and horn tools and perforated clamshell knives.The site is a small settlement inhabited by humans during the Xia and Shang period.The cultural nature of the Silibao site can be classified as the Sanxingdui culture,and the age is approximately equivalent to that between the second phase of the Erlitou culture and the middle phase of Yinxu in the Central Plains.