枳橙砧沃柑在桂南地区的综合表现

Comprehensive performance of Orah grafted on Carrizo Citrange rootstock in southern area of Guangxi

【目的】探究枳橙砧木对沃柑树体及果实品质的影响,为筛选桂南地区沃柑适宜的砧木提供理论依据。【方法】在广西南宁市武鸣区采取长期定位试验,对嫁接在枳橙上的沃柑果实品质进行持续3年(2018—2020年)的研究,以资阳香橙砧、枳砧和红橘砧沃柑为对照,分析其树体指标(砧木干周、接穗干周、干周差、株高、挂果数量)及果实品质指标(单果重、果实横径、纵径、果形指数、果皮厚度、可食率、维生素C、可溶性固形物、柠檬酸、总糖、固酸比)等的变化。【结果】综合3年数据可知,枳橙砧沃柑在单果重、挂果数量和部分品质指标上优于其他砧木,3年平均挂果数为299个,单果重为143.07 g,维生素C含量为19.92 mg/100 m L,可溶性固形物含量为12.51%,柠檬酸含量为0.584%,总糖含量为12.46%,固酸比为21.42。枳橙砧与枳砧相比,呈现出生长势强,挂果数量多等优势,但与香橙砧相比,差异不显著(P>0.05,下同);结合单果重表现,枳橙砧沃柑无明显的下降趋势,与香橙砧沃柑相比,均能持续稳产。枳橙砧沃柑的果实品质整体表现低于枳砧沃柑,但进入丰产期后,二者品质差异不显著。对比其他3种砧木,红橘砧沃柑整体表现较差,主要为挂果数量较少,果实品质指标不理想,其中3年平均挂果数量为185个。【结论】枳橙砧沃柑在桂南地区综合表现较好,可考虑枳橙砧作为桂南地区沃柑的适宜砧木;但枳橙砧不适宜在缺锌较严重的地块种植,且在生产中,枳橙砧应控制树势,适时修剪,不适宜密植。

【Objective】To study the effects of Carrizo Citrange rootstock on tree body and fruit quality of Orah,in order to provide theoretical basis for screening suitable rootstocks of Orah in southern Guangxi.【Method】A long term experiment was conducted in Wuming District,Nanning,Guangxi to study fruit quality of Orah grafted on Carrizo Citrange rootstock for 3 consecutive years(2018-2020).Orah grafted on Citrus junos Sieb.ex Tanaka,Poncirus trifoliate Raf and tangerine rootstocks were used as controls to analyze tree body indexes(rootstock trunk circumference,scion trunk circumference,trunk circumference difference,tree height and fruit number)and fruit quality indexes(single fruit weight,fruit transverse diameter,fruit longitudinal diameter,fruit shape index,pericarp thickness,edible rate,vitamin C,soluble solids,citric acid,total sugar,and sugar-acid ratio).【Result】According to data collected in 3 years,Orah grafted on Carrizo Citrange performed better in single fruit weight,fruit number and some quality indexes.The average fruit number in the 3 years was 299,single fruit weight was 143.07 g,vitamin C content was 19.92 mg/100 mL,soluble solids content was 12.51%,citric acid content was 0.584%,total sugar content was 12.46%,and the sugar-acid ratio was 21.42.Compared with the one grafted on P.trifoliate Raf rootstock,Orah grafted on Carrizo Citrange rootstock showed advantages such as stronger growth vigor and larger fruit number,but the difference was not significant compared with that on C.junos Sieb.ex Tanaka rootstock(P>0.05,the same below).In terms of single fruit weight,Orah grafted on Carrizo Citrange rootstock showed nonobvious downward trend and stable production compared with that on C.junos Sieb.ex Tanaka rootstock.Fruit quality of Orah grafted on Carrizo Citrange rootstock was generally lower than that on P.trifoliate Raf rootstock,but quality difference was not significant after entering high-yield period.Compared with Orah grafted on other 3 rootstocks,Orah grafted on tangerine rootstock was performed rather poorly,as fruit number was less and fruit quality indexes were unsatisfactory.Average fruit number for the 3 years was 185.【Conclusion】Orah grafted on Carrizo Citrange rootstock has a better comprehensive performance in southern area of Guangxi,so Carrizo Citrange rootstock can be considered as a suitable rootstock for Orah in southern area of Guangxi;but Carrizo Citrange rootstock is not suitable to be planted in plots with severe zinc deficiency,and when using Carrizo Citrange rootstock in production,tree vigor should be controlled,tree should be pruned regularly and not be planted densely.