论复合式行政行为的类型化及其法治改造

On the Typology of Compound Administrative Act and Its Reform Under the Rule of Law

对复合式行政行为的类型化及法治改造,有明显的实践需求,表现在契合基层共同治理的法治化趋势、重新识别行政行为过程的需要,也是促成“权责统一”实现的需要。复合式行政行为涵盖明示的复合式行政行为和暗示的复合式行政行为。明示复合式行政行为包括主体复合式行政行为、行为内容复合式行政行为和意思表示复合式行政行为,暗示复合式行政行为则分为裁量性复合式行政行为和附条件复合式行政行为。对各种代表不同行政趋势的复合类型,可根据处分性的统一标准,在治理理论、行政过程论、权责一致理论的指导下进行法治改造。同时对明示复合的行政行为还可依据类型化分析的技术明确其责任分配规则,以处分性为标准来对应权责,同时避免出现政出多门的行为模式表述,对法律语词的涵义进行统一;而对暗示复合式行政行为,更要注重处分性原则的扩展适用,填补原有法律规范中的结构缺项和表述空白,使其对应的法律规范完整化,解决处分性缺位的问题,从良法的渠道促进善治。

There are obvious practical needs for the typing and legal reform of compound administrative acts,which are reflected in the rule of law trend of joint governance at the grass-roots level,the need to re-identify the process of administrative acts,and the need to promote the realization of“unification of power and responsibility”.Compound administrative acts cover explicit compound administrative acts and implied compound administrative acts.Explicit composite also includes subject composite,behavior content composite and intention declaration composite.The implied compound administrative act is divided into discretionary compound administrative act and conditional compound administrative act.For the various composite types representing different administrative trends,the legal reform can be taken according to the unified standard of disposition and under the guidance of governance theory,administrative process theory and the theory of parity of power and responsibility.At the same time,for the explicit composite administrative act,its responsibility distribution rules can be clarified according to the technology of typed analysis,its power and responsibility can be corresponded by the disposition standard,while the emergence of behavior patterns of divided policies from various sources can be avoided and the meaning of legal words can be unified.And for the implied compound administrative behavior,more attention should be paid to the expansion and application of the disposition principle to fill in the structural gaps and expression gaps in the original legal norms,make its corresponding legal norms complete,solve the problem of disciplinary absence.So good governance through the channels of good law can be promoted.