柏拉图的教育思想与正义观——基于《理想国》中的“洞穴喻”隐喻

Plato's Educational Thought and Conception of Justice——Based on the "Cave metaphor" in Republic

“洞穴喻”是柏拉图的《理想国》中非常关键的内容,蕴意丰富,具有多种解读的可能,其对真理的探索和对人生意义的追问,仍有极强的现实意义。文章首先对“洞穴喻”进行简单地阐释,在巩固与强调《理想国》中的其他隐喻的基础上,剖析了人类对真理层层递进的看见以及对至善真理的追求。接着,围绕柏拉图的人性论,通过阐释灵魂的永恒性、向善性以及“理性”的含义、可能性和凌驾性,强调“洞穴喻”所体现的教育的最终目的——促进灵魂转向。最后围绕“洞穴困境”凸显柏拉图的正义观,即正义一定比不正义幸福。

"Cave metaphor" which has rich connotations and multiple interpretation possibilities,is a very key content in Plato's Republic.Its exploration of truth and inquiry into the meaning of life still have strong practical significance.First of all,this paper gives a brief explanation of "cave metaphor",On the basis of consolidating and emphasizing other metaphors in the Republic,it analyzes human beings' progressive vision of truth and pursuit of the Good.Then,centering on Plato's theory of human nature,it emphasizes the ultimate purpose of education embodied in "cave metaphor"--promoting soul turning by explaining the impermanence and goodness of soul as well as the meaning,possibility and superiority of "reason".Finally,the cave dilemma highlights Plato's view of justice,that is,justice must be better than injustice.