云南核桃主要栽培品种的嫁接技术研究

Study on grafting technology of main walnut varieties in Yunnan Province

核桃植株酚类物质含量高、易氧化,导致嫁接成活率低,成为影响良种繁育推广的一个难题。开展影响核桃嫁接成活率诸因子及作用的研究,对提高核桃嫁接成活率、推广优良新品种具有重要意义。以云南省3个主要核桃栽培品种漾濞泡核桃、云新高原、娘青核桃为试验材料,研究不同嫁接砧木和不同接穗对苗木成活率及其生长节律的影响。结果表明:1)采用1年生铁核桃苗作砧木和采用芽苗作砧木对各品种嫁接成活率存在较大影响,用芽苗砧嫁接的漾濞泡核桃、娘青核桃的成活率明显高于用1年生铁核桃砧嫁接的。2)3个核桃品种选用不同砧木嫁接后,苗高、地径生长都符合“S”型生长曲线。3)3个核桃品种选用不同砧木嫁接成活后,生长态势存在明显差异,用1年生铁核桃砧嫁接的漾濞泡核桃、娘青核桃后期苗高、地径生长量均高于用芽苗砧嫁接的生长量。4)用漾濞泡核桃顶芽和侧芽进行芽苗砧嫁接试验显示,侧芽嫁接出圃率远大于顶芽嫁接出圃率,侧芽嫁接的苗木长势明显优于顶芽嫁接。

Juglans regia is full of phenolics which is easy to oxidation,and it leads to a low graft survival rate.This influenced the good seeds’breeding and spreading.So,it has the great significance to do the research towards factors and function of influence of J.regia grafting survival rate,which can improve the graft survival rate and promote good varieties.This thesis used three main samples which including J.sigillatta cv‘Yangpao’,J.sigillatta cv‘Yunxingaoyuan’and J.sigillatta cv‘Niangqing’as the experiment materials,using two kinds of grafting the scion and two methods for grafting to observe the impact on survival rate of grafting and grafting survival after seedling growth characteristics.The results show that:1)There is obvious difference on grafting survival rate between using l a J.sigillatta seedlings as the root stock and using seedlings as the root stock.The grafting survival rate of the seedlings of J.sigillatta cv‘Yangpao’and J.sigillatta cv‘Niangqing’is much higher than the l a J.sigillatta seedlings of J.sigillatta cv‘Yangpao’and J.sigillatta cv‘Niangqing’.2)After the three samples choose the different root stock to graft,the process of growth about all the scions which including its height and the diameter dynamic growth all comply with“S”type curve growth.3)There is obvious difference about their growth momentum among the three samples after they choose the different root stock to graft.J.sigillatta cv‘Yangpao’and J.sigillatta cv‘Niangqing’used l a J.sigillatta seedlings as the root stock to graft,which the height and diameter growth is higher than J.sigillatta cv‘Yangpao’and J.sigillatta cv‘Niangqing’used the seedlings as the root stock to graft.4)The bud seedling stock grafting test of J.sigillatta cv‘Yangpao’shows that the side bud grafting rate is much greater than the top bud grafting rate,the growth of the side bud grafting seedlings is obviously better than the top bud grafting.