批判与调适:近代来华传教医师嘉约翰对中国医学的态度

Criticism and Adaptation: Modern Medical Missionary John G. Kerr’s Attitude toward Traditional Chinese Medicine

19世纪中叶,西方传教医师嘉约翰(John G.Kerr)等在外刊上集中对中医展开批评,其目的不是客观地进行中西医学交流与比较,而是带着西方殖民的优越感和在华传播基督教的目的来污名化中医。嘉约翰一方面批评中医不科学、落后,鼓吹西医的先进性;一方面又借鉴利用中医中药,为其医疗传教在中国立足和渗透打掩护。这种行为的两面性在外阻碍了近代中医向西方的传播,在内削弱了中医的话语权力,对近代中国医学的生存发展产生了深远影响。

In the mid-19th century,Western medical missionaries such as John G.Kerr focused their criticism on traditional Chinese medicine in foreign journals,not with the aim of objectively exchanging and comparing Chinese and Western medicine,but with the aim of stigmatizing traditional Chinese medicine with a sense of Western colonial superiority and spreading Christianity in China.On the one hand,John G.Kerr criticized traditional Chinese medicine as unscientific and backward and advocated the advancement of Western medicine;on the other hand,he drew on the application of Chinese herbal medicine to provide cover for his medical missionary foothold and infiltration in China.The two-sided nature of this behavior hindered the spread of modern traditional Chinese medicine to the West and weakened the discursive power of traditional Chinese medicine,which had an adverse effect on the survival and development of modern traditional Chinese medicine.