论马克思对法的彻底祛魅及其价值重构

On Marx's Radical Demystification of Law and Its Value Reconstruction

马克思法学理论在阐明前资本主义法律发展的祛魅与复魅的历史历程基础上,揭露资产阶级在战胜封建专制君主等旧势力过程中“复活”了自然法,从政治经济学角度揭示出资本主义法律的本质,对法做了彻底祛魅式的阐发并重构了法的价值基础。具体说来,马克思从三个维度对西方法律思想做了总体性揭露,并创立了历史唯物主义的法学理论:一是历史维度。马克思指出,实证法战胜自然法以及自然法的复活是前资本主义社会法的总体历史特征;二是现实维度。马克思将法的宗教性的批判视为资本主义批判的前提,揭露出资本主义法律统治的虚假平等及其价值基础;三是批判维度。马克思法学理论的创立为超越资本主义法治奠定了理论基础,也为我国社会主义法治建设提供了理论指导。

By clarifying the historical process of disenchantment and re-enchantment of the development of pre-capitalist law,Marx's legal theory exposes the“resurrection”of natural law by the bourgeoisie in the course of its victory over the old forces such as the feudal despot,reveals the essence of capitalist law from the perspective of political economy,gives a thorough exposition of the law and reconstructs the value of law.Specifically,Marx exposed Western legal thought in three dimensions,and founded the theory of historical materialism.Firstly,the historical dimension,in which Marx pointed out that the triumph of positive law over natural law and the resurgence of natural law were the general historical features of law in pre-capitalist societies;secondly,the realistic dimension,in which Marx regarded the critique of the religious nature of law as the premise of the critique of capitalism and exposed the false equality of capitalist legal rule;and the third dimension is the critical dimension.The creation of Marx's jurisprudential theory laid the theoretical foundation for transcending the capitalist rule of law and provided theoretical guidance for the construction of the socialist rule of law in China.