黄海冬季大型底栖动物的群落结构特征

Study on Assemblage Structure of Macrozoobenthos in the Yellow Sea

为深入了解黄海大型底栖动物的群落结构特征,本研究基于2016年1月对黄海海域22个站位的调查,使用PRIMER 6.0和SPSS 17.0等软件对数据资料进行分析发现:大型底栖动物共202种,其中多毛类104种、甲壳类48种、软体动物27种、棘皮动物8种、其他门类合计15种,多毛类、甲壳类和软体动物是该海域冬季大型底栖动物的主要类群;大型底栖动物的总平均丰度和总平均生物量分别为1313 ind/m^(2)和25.53 g/m^(2);优势种为中蚓虫(Mediomastus californiensis)、薄壳索足蛤(Thyasira tokunagai)和浅水萨氏真蛇尾(Ophiura sarsii vadicola);在22%相似度水平上,可将调查海域的大型底栖动物划分为4个群落。对比历史资料,发现近60年以来:远岸群落的优势种仍为冷水性种且组成基本不变;近岸群落的结构发生变化,优势种组成上多毛类增多,且多为小型个体种。本研究中,与大型底栖动物丰度显著相关的环境因子为Chl a含量和底温,与群落结构关系最为密切的环境因子组合为水深+底温。

This research was aimed to give an insight into the assemblage structure of macrozoobenthos in the Yellow Sea.Field investigations of marine macrozoobenthos were conducted at 22 stations in the Yellow Sea in January of 2016.The macrozoobenthos data were analyzed with PRIMER 6.0 and SPSS 17.0.Altogether 202 species of macrozoobenthos were identified.Among them,104 species belonged to Annelida,48 species belonged to Arthropoda,27 species belonged to Mollusca,which were dominant taxa of macrozoobenthos in survey area in winter.The total mean abundance and biomass were 1313 ind/m^(2) and 25.53 g/m^(2),respectively.The dominant species were Mediomastus californiensis,Thyasira tokunagai and Ophiura sarsii vadicola.Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that the macrozoobenthos of the Yellow Sea could be grouped into 4 assemblages at 22%similarity level.Compared with the historical data,the dominant species of the pelagic assemblages were still cold-water species,and the composition of which was basically unchanged in the past 60 years.However,polychaetes had increased in dominant species composition of the offshore assemblages,and most of them were smaller in size.In this study,the abundance of macrozoobenthos was significantly correlated with chlorophyll a and bottom temperature.The best variable combination of environmental parameters matched with the assemblage structure was depth+bottom temperature.