中老年缺血性脑卒中患者健康行为现状调查及影响因素分析

Investigation on health behavior of middle-aged and elderly patients with ischemic stroke and analysis of its influencing factors

目的了解中老年缺血性脑卒中患者健康行为现状及影响因素,为制定针对性干预措施提供参考依据。方法选取两家三级甲等综合医院神经内科收治的203例缺血性脑卒中住院患者为研究对象,通过自填式和询问式相结合的方法进行健康行为问卷、健康知识问卷、自我效能感量表与一般资料的收集。结果发放203份问卷,回收有效问卷201份。中老年缺血性脑卒中患者健康行为平均得分为(60.33±10.85)分,各维度得分率从高到低依次为营养、服药、指令、烟酒、责任、运动。健康行为得分和自我效能得分呈正相关(r=0.612,P<0.01);健康行为得分与健康知识得分呈正相关(r=0.653,P<0.01)。文化程度、照顾者、平均月收入、是否锻炼、吸烟或饮酒史、屏幕久坐时间(每天)、获取健康信息的渠道数量、获取健康信息的首选渠道、睡眠时长、合并慢性疾病数量≥4种是患者健康行为的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论中老年缺血性脑卒中患者健康行为处于中等偏下水平,有待提高。应注重患者健康信息获取渠道、屏幕久坐时间及合并慢性病数量对健康行为的影响,重点关注睡眠时长较短的患者。

Objective To understand the health behavior status and influencing factors of middle-aged and elderly patients with ischemic stroke,and to provide reference for formulating targeted intervention measures.Methods A total of 203 inpatients with ischemic stroke in the Department of Neurology of TWO Grade III Grade A general hospitals were selected as subjects.The questionnaire of health behavior,health knowledge,self-efficacy and general data were collected by self-filling questionnaire and enquiry methods.Results A total of 201(99.01%)valid questionnaires were collected.The average score of health behavior was(60.33±10.85)in middle-aged and elderly patients with ischemic stroke,and the order of the score rate of each dimension from high to low was nutrition,medication,instruction,tobacco and alcohol,responsibility and exercise.Health behavior was positively correlated with self-efficacy(r=0.612,P<0.01),and health knowledge was positively correlated with self-efficacy(r=0.653,P<0.01).Different educational level,caregivers,averaged monthly income,exercise habits,smoking and drinking history,the number of channels to receive health information,the preferred channel to receive health information,sedentary time on screen,the number of chronic diseases and sleep time were the main influencing factors(P<0.05).Conclusion The health behavior of middle-aged and elderly patients with ischemic stroke was at the lower level,which needs to be improved.Attention should be paid to the influence of patients'access to health information,sedentary time on screen and the number of chronic diseases on health behavior,focusing on patients with short sleep time.