纳秒脉冲电场肿瘤消融关键技术研究综述

Review of Key Techniques for Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field of Tumor Ablation

癌症已成为威胁人类健康的主要疾病,传统治疗方法虽有疗效,但都有一定的禁忌证和副作用,而不可逆电穿孔作为一种新的局部物理治疗肿瘤技术,相对于传统的肿瘤治疗方式,具有独特的优势,可用于邻近血管、神经等重要器官和组织的治疗。临床研究表明,微秒级电脉冲产生的细胞不可逆电穿孔在消融肿瘤的同时会带来人体明显的肌肉收缩和心律失常现象,而纳秒脉冲消融肿瘤则通过改变脉冲发生器的硬件实现方式,提高电压,压缩脉宽,克服了上述缺点。本文介绍纳秒脉冲消融肿瘤技术的兴起与优点,综述国内外纳秒脉冲消融肿瘤的研究与临床应用现状,分析纳秒脉冲消融设备的迭代技术优势,从纳秒脉冲功率技术、纳秒脉冲电场分布、电场强度阈值和不同电脉冲参数消融肿瘤带来的不同量效关系等方面展望了纳秒脉冲消融肿瘤关键技术的最新动态及发展方向,并对纳秒脉冲消融肿瘤设备的临床应用进行了展望。

Cancer has become a major disease threatening human health.Although traditional treatment methods have curative effects,they have certain contraindications and side effects.As a new locoregional physical treatment technology for cancer,irreversible electroporation has unique advantages over traditional tumor treatment methods,and can be used for the treatment of adjacent blood vessels,nerves and other important organs and tissues.Clinical research shows that the irreversible electroporation of cells generated by microsecond electric pulse could bring obvious muscle contraction and arrhythmia in human body while ablating tumor.In terms of nanosecond pulse ablation can overcome the above shortcomings by changing the hardware implementation of pulse generator,increasing voltage and compressing pulse width.This paper introduces the rise and advantages of nanosecond pulse tumour ablation technology,reviews the current situation of nanosecond pulse tumour ablation research and clinical application at home and abroad,analyses the advantages of the iterative technology of nanosecond pulse ablation devices,focuses on the nanosecond pulse power technology,nanosecond pulse electric field distribution,electric field intensity threshold and the different quantitative-effect relationships brought about by different electric pulse parameters for tumour ablation,and outlooks the latest developments and development directions of nanosecond pulse tumour ablation devices.