从阮元的经学诠释思想看乾嘉汉学之变新

On the Change of Sinology in Qian⁃Jia Period from Ruan Yuan’s Interpretation of Confucian Classics

面对汉学在乾嘉后期遭遇到的学术窘境,阮元提出“以新知为主,不惑于陈言”的口号,试图让乾嘉学术发生革新与易帜,以改变清代经典诠释的纯考据化面貌。他申明考据与义理并重的重要性,通过考证明义理以推动乾嘉新义理学的发展。在其带动下,社会中支持治经以客观化诠释义理者越来越多,知识与价值关系重新被定位,并最终使理学在义理学领域内的长期独尊地位发生松动。以阮元治经为中心管窥乾嘉汉学的变新运动,是明清早期启蒙思想的继续与深化的结果,是“汉宋之争”的产物,更是中国近代人文学科发展的先导。虽然该运动也存在局限性,但其在经学传统中开出了具有近代意义的人文知识发展新思路,无疑是值得肯定的。

In the face of the academic dilemma encountered by Sinology in the late Qian⁃Jia period,Ruan Yuan put forward the assertion of“focusing on new knowledge,not confused by the old words,”trying to make Qian⁃Jia academic innovation and change,in order to change the purely textual features of the classical interpretation of the Qing Dynasty.He affirmed the importance of attaching equal importance to textual research and argumentation,and proved the argumentation through textual research to promote the development of Qianjia Neo⁃Confucianism.Driven by it,there were more and more people in the society who sup⁃ported the rule of Confucian classics to objectively interpret Neo⁃Confucianism.The relationship between knowledge and value was repositioned.From the perspective of Ruan Yuan’s studies of the classics,we can see that the reform movement of Sinology in Qianjia was the result of the continuation and deepening of the early enlightenment thought in the Ming and Qing dynasties,the product of the“Han Song dispute,”and the precursor of the development of modern Chinese humanities.Although the movement also had limitations,it had opened a new train of thought for the development of humanistic knowledge with modern significance in the tradition of Confucian classics,which was undoubtedly worthy of recognition.