“文学自觉”后的经学权力与文学权力:从疏离抗拒到协作耦合

Confucian Classical Power and Literary Power after Literary Self⁃consciousness:From Confrontation to Cooperation

经学在古代的学术文化体系中处于至高无上的地位,对其他学术文化部类有持续产生影响的权力。在“文学自觉”后,受着经学权力控驭的文学获得了相对独立的发展,在发展中取得成果也滋生弊端。同时,“自觉”后的经学权力虽然凌夷,但也一直捍卫自身并意图对文学予以规约:文学权力与经学权力间出现了疏离甚至是对抗的局势。如何在新的历史实践中激活传统,使包括经学在内的文化学术能对文学发挥适当作用,且不妨害文学更好地存在和发展,遂成时代课题。对此,刘勰给出的理论方案最为系统和全面。其方案的核心在于“宗经”式思维。他的“宗经”并非是学术宗经,而是以重新赋予经学相应文学权力为策略,通过文体谱系来落实,以构建经学与文学间新型耦合关系的方式为实践指向的理论系统。经过刘勰时代及至初唐,文学发展的实践印证了刘勰的理论构想。刘勰给出的协理经学与文学权力关系的方案,在文学史研究中具有深远的理论示范意义。

Confucian classics was in the supreme position in the ancient academic and cultural system and had the power of continuous influence on other academic and cultural departments.After“literary self⁃con⁃sciousness,”the literature under the control of Confucian classical power had gained relatively indepen⁃dent development,but the achievements with disadvantages.At the same time,Confucian classical power was declining,which defending itself and trying to regulate literature:there was a situation of alienation or even confrontation between literary power and Confucian classical power.How to activate the tradition in the new historical practice,the academic culture including Confucian classics could play an appropriate role in the development of literature.In this regard,Liu Xie’s theory was the most systematic and compre⁃hensive.The core of his theory was the thinking of“Zongjing.”His“Zongjing”was not academic Zongjing,but a theoretical system oriented by practice,which endowed Confucian Classics with Literary Power by the literary lineage.Through Liu Xie’s period to the early Tang Dynasty,the practice of literature develop⁃ment confirmed Liu Xie’s theory.Liu Xie’s proposal on the relationship between Confucian classics and literary power implied a far⁃reaching theoretical significance in the study of literary history.