无废城市视角下医疗废弃物生物无害化处理及焚烧气体污染物吸附研究

Biological Harmless Treatment of Medical Waste from Perspective of Waste-free City Study andAdsorption of Pollutants from Incineration Gas

为研究医疗废弃物处理处置技术与资源综合化利用,以医疗废弃物为原料,研究微波消杀技术和活性炭资源化利用技术,对医疗废弃物进行处理,处理后的残渣制备活性炭。综合考虑微波功率和杀菌时间两个重要的工艺参数,对于设备能耗和灭菌成本价格和时间上,最优化的微生物污染物处理工艺条件为微波功率为20 kW,杀菌时间为480秒,微生物杀菌率达到99.8%以上,大肠杆菌和微生物污染物的灭菌率达到要求。采用医废制备的活性炭吸附气体污染物的方法,对医疗废弃物焚烧气体污染物SO_(2)、NO_(2)、HCl、HF、铅及其化合物、汞及其化合物、二噁英类(ng TEQ/Nm^(3))进行吸附处理。对SO_(2)、NO_(2)、HCl、铅及其化合物、汞及其化合物、二噁英类吸附率分别为97.5%、84.4%、99.5%、90%、76%、56%。能够显著的处理大气中的医疗废弃物特征污染物。纸和木制品、棉质类制品制备的活性炭对三种特征焚烧气体污染物吸附效果显著。通过研究,医疗废弃物活性炭对无机气体污染物的处理效果最好,对重金属及其化合物类和二噁英类的污染物处理效果一般。

In order to study the treatment and disposal technology of medicalwastes and the comprehensive utilization of resources,medical wastes were used as raw materials to study microwave disinfection and sterilization technology and activated carbon resource utilization technology.The medical wastes were treated to prepare activated carbon.Considering the two important process parameters of microwave power and sterilization time,in terms of equipment energy consumption and sterilization cost,price and time,the optimal process conditions for microbial pollutant treatment are microwave power of 20 kW,sterilization time of 480 seconds,microbial sterilization rate of more than 99.8%,and sterilization rate of Escherichia coli and microbial pollutants met the requirements.The activated carbon prepared from medical waste was used to adsorb the gas pollutants,such as SO_(2),NO_(2),HCl,HF,lead and its compounds,mercury and its compounds,and dioxins(ng TEQ/Nm^(3)).The adsorption rates of SO_(2),NO_(2),HCl,lead and its compounds,mercury and its compounds and dioxins were 97.5%,84.4%,99.5%,90%,76%and 56%respectively.It could significantly treated the characteristic pollutants of medical waste in the atmosphere.The activated carbon prepared from paper,wood products and cotton products had remarkable adsorption effect on the three characteristic incineration gas pollutants.Through research,the treatment effect of medical waste activated carbon on inorganic gas pollutants was the best,and the treatment effect on heavy metals and their compounds and dioxins was general.