巴基斯坦合同要约规则探析——基于中、英、巴合同要约规则对比

Study on the Rules of Contract Offer in Pakistan——Comparison of Contract Offer Rules between China,the UK and Pakistan

要约被称为合同的第一要件,是合同订立的最初阶段。巴基斯坦合同法和英国合同法在要约内容规定和解释方法上基本相同。在缺乏成文规范和司法判例时,巴基斯坦法院也有借鉴与适用英国合同法的“本地习惯”。但《中华人民共和国民法典》下的要约规则与巴基斯坦合同法下的要约规则存有一定差异,主要体现在要约要件构成、要约和要约邀请区分以及要约生效和终止的具体方式三个方面。在巴基斯坦合同法作为合同准据法时,建议中方当事人注意这些不同之处,同时主动参考英国合同法对要约的具体规定,以避免法律风险。

The Offer is referred as the first element of the contract and is the initial stage in the formation of contract.Pakistani Contract Law and English Contract Law are essentially the same in terms of the content and interpretation of the Offer,and Pakistani courts have a“local custom”of borrowing and applying English contract law principles in the absence of express statutory provisions and judicial precedents.The rules of Offer under the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China are differ from the rules of Offer under Pakistani contract law in terms of the interpretation of the specific constituent elements of the Offer,the criteria for distinguishing the Offer from the invitation to Offer,and the manner in which the Offer takes effect and is terminated.When the Pakistani Contract Law is used as the basis for the contract,the Chinese party is advised to pay attention to these differences and take the initiative to refer to the specific provisions of the British Contract Law on Offers to avoid legal risk.