安徽寿县孔庙大成殿建筑营造研究

Research of the Architectural Construction of the Great Accomplishment Hall of the Confucian Temple in Shouxian County,Anhui Province

始建于元代,发展于明清的安徽寿县孔庙是中国为数不多、保留完整的地方孔庙建筑。在对寿县孔庙进行实地调研与测绘的基础上,利用分类分析法、图文分析法、数据分析法,研究寿县孔庙平面形制、结构特点、装修装饰等内容。调研发现,寿县孔庙建筑装饰上表现出楚文化与徽派建筑的特征,结构上多表现清代官式建筑特征在个别处与正定文庙相似。在运用整数尺法计算得出寿县孔庙建筑营造尺值的基础上,将四种被广泛认可的屋面设计方法代入大成殿的檩条分布情况进行验算。结果表明,大成殿屋面曲线的变化规律并不符合其中任何一种屋面设计方法,并进一步分析大成殿的屋顶坡度特征及影响因素。

Originally built in the Yuan Dynasty and developed in the Ming and Qing dynasties,the Confucius Temple in Shouxian County,Anhui Province is one of the few locally well preserved Confucius Temple buildings in China and has high research value.On the basis of field research and survey of the Confucius Temple in Shouxian County,this paper studies its planar shape,structural features,renovation and decoration by using classification analysis,graphic analysis and data analysis.It is found that this building shows the decorative features of Chu culture and Huizhou style architecture,as well as the structural characteristics of official architecture in the Qing Dynasty.Some structures at individual places are similar to those of the Zhengding Confucian Temple.Having calculated the construction scale of the Confucius Temple building in Shouxian County by the integer ruler method,the paper examines its purline distribution in the Great Accomplishment Hall with four widely accepted roofing design methods mentioned above.The results show that the variation of the roof curve of the building does not conform to any of the roof design methods.Accordingly,the roof slope features of the Great Accomplishment Hall are studied,and the reasons for the slow slope of the roof are analyzed.