新时代我国儿童福利政策的基本特征、发展逻辑与未来走向——基于《中国儿童发展纲要(2021—2030年)》的分析

The Basic Characteristics,Development Logic and Future Trend of China’s Child Welfare Policy in the New Era:Analysis Based on China National Program for Child Development(2021—2030)

作为指导未来近10年我国儿童和儿童事业发展的顶层设计,《中国儿童发展纲要(2021—2030年)》反映了我国政府在中国特色社会主义进入新时代和全面建成小康社会以后的儿童福利理念和发展战略。对该政策文本的分析表明,我国儿童福利政策在新时代背景下体现了从保障性目标向支持性、发展性目标转型,以儿童保护为重心、以专门性政策为主,在制度建设的引领下综合使用多种政策工具的基本特征。在国家经济实力大幅提升、儿童福利需求普遍化和多样化以及国家亲权理念普及的合力下,我国儿童福利正朝着适度普惠、专业精准、法治的战略方向迈进。当前我国儿童福利的短板集中在家庭福利领域,未来应重点探索协助家庭科学育儿的政策措施和适合我国家庭的儿童福利政策工具。

China National Program for Child Development(2021—2030),as the top-level design to guide the development of children in China in the future,reflects the government’s concept of child welfare and development strategy after socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era and a well-off society has been built in an all-round way.The analysis of this program shows that China’s child welfare policy in the new era has transformed from a supportive policy goal to a supportive and developmental policy goal,with a content system focusing on child protection and specialized policies,and the use of comprehensive policy tools under the guidance of system building.Under the combined effect of the substantial improvement of the national economic strength,the popularization and diversification of children’s welfare needs,and the popularization of the concept of“parent of the nation”,China’s child welfare is moving towards moderately inclusiveness,professionalization,accuracy,and legalization.For the weaknesses of China’s child welfare are now concentrated in the field of family welfare,we should focus on exploring policies and measures to assist families in scientific child rearing and designing child welfare policy tools suitable for Chinese families.