住院儿童教育服务模式的行动探析及其启示——以美国“儿童生命服务”项目为例

Analysis on the Hospital Education Service Mode for Sick Children—Taking the“Child Life Services”Program in the United States as an Example

因患病而长期或短期住院治疗的儿童应与普通儿童一样享有受教育的权利。以美国“儿童生命服务”项目为代表的住院儿童教育服务模式自20世纪20年代萌芽,发展至今已逐渐形成了以家庭为中心的服务理念和科学系统的住院教育服务体系。重视儿童在院期间的住院体验、帮助儿童做好应对医疗的心理准备、保持儿童与外界的沟通、支持家庭发展应对医院的经验、保证儿童出院前后的学习与发展衔接是该项目的主要服务内容;由美国儿科协会以及儿童生命委员会联合高校组成的外部支撑、由实施项目的儿童生命服务专家及其所在医院组成的内部支撑是该项目成功运行的机制保障;关注住院前后儿童经验的连续性及教育性、通过跨学科团队合作为住院儿童提供综合性支持、多主体协同运作共同提升住院儿童福祉是该项目的显著特点。我国应在借鉴该项目有益经验的基础上探索建立适合我国国情的住院儿童教育服务体系与住院儿童教育人才培养体系,实现我国住院儿童的受教育权与持续发展。

All children,including those young inpatients,have rights on education.The“Child Life Services”program in the United States began to sprout in the 1920s.After three stages of development,the program has gradually formed the family-centered concept and a scientific and systematic hospital education service mode.Its services include supporting children’s in-hospital experiences,psychological preparation for medical treatment and communication with the outside world during hospitalization.It supports families in coping with the hospital experiences as well as ensures and connects children’s learning and development before and after discharge.American Academy of Pediatrics,the Association of Child Life Professionals,universities,hospitals and certified child life specialists work together to ensure the operation of the program.The experience of the“Child Life Services”program provides important inspiration for the start and development of Chinese residential education service mode for sick children.