郭熙画论观照下的苏轼山水诗刍议

On Su Shi’s Landscape Poetry under Guo Xi’s Painting Theory

《林泉高致》是北宋郭熙论山水画创作的重要作品,作为苏轼的前辈,郭熙绘画理论对秉持“诗画一律”的苏轼其人其诗产生了相当的影响,这在苏轼山水诗的创作中时见端倪。主要表现在以平远视域布局所描绘的画面并通过光影与明晦的变化丰富山水的表现形态;选取“烟云”这一极具有代表性的景物,烘托出山水诗冲融缥缈、萧散平淡的意境,并创造性地在水墨冲淡的背景下加入了碧色的元素,使得山水诗的创作呈现出“不古不今”的面貌;借助全景式的布局挖掘景外之意,使作品余味无穷。苏轼对绘画理论的借鉴使其山水诗在北宋诗坛上独树一帜,对后代山水诗创作具有重要影响。

Lin Quan Gao Zhi was an important work of landscape paintings in the Northern Song Dynasty.As Su Shi’s predecessor,Guo Xi’s painting theory exerted a considerable influence on Su Shi and his poetry since Su Shi adhered that poetry and painting should embody the same rules,which was often seen in Su Shi’s creation of landscape poetry.It was mainly reflected in the picture depicted by the layout of the horizon and enriched the expression form of the landscape through the changes of light,shadow,and obscurity.The selection of the most representative scene,“smoke and cloud”,set off the artistic conception of landscape poetry,which was misty and dim.Besides,adding the green element in the background of light ink in a creative way made the landscape poetry show the feature of“neither ancient and nor today”.In addition,adopting the panoramic layout to explore the meaning outside the scene left the lasting and pleasant aftertaste of the work.Su Shi’s reference to Guo Xi’s painting theory made his landscape poetry unique in the poetry of the Northern Song Dynasty and had an important influence on the creation of landscape poetry in the later generations.