黔东南州种植蜂糖李气候适宜性研究

Study on Climatic Suitability of the Prunus Salicina‘Fengtang’in Qiandongnan Prefecture

从气候角度分析黔东南州蜂糖李种植适宜性,为蜂糖李种植选址提供气候可行性依据。利用2011—2020年黔东南州200个区域气象站资料和蜂糖李品质最优的产地贵州省安顺市镇宁县六马镇区域气象站资料,用数理统计方法,计算黔东南州200个乡镇与六马镇气温、降水和日照气候指标相对应的气候值,利用适宜度模型计算各乡镇气候适宜度。结果表明:黔东南州有37.5%的乡镇处于蜂糖李种植气候适宜区,没有气候最适宜区域;蜂糖李开花坐果期的气候适宜度低于萌芽、果实生长以及果实成熟期,是制约黔东南州蜂糖李生长的关键期;气温综合适宜度>日照综合适宜度>降水综合适宜度,开花坐果期阶段性持续低温、雨日多、日照少是制约黔东南州蜂糖李生长的主要气候要素。黔东南州地形起伏大,气候差异明显,蜂糖李种植要根据当地地形和气候要素情况,选择日照多、雨日少、气温高、向阳、开阔等区域开展种植。

This paper analyzes the suitability of planting Prunus salicina‘Fengtang’in Qiandongnan Prefecture from the perspective of climate,and provides a climatic feasibility basis for the planting site selection of Prunus salicina‘Fengtang’.Using the data of 200 regional meteorological stations in Qiandongnan Prefecture from 2011 to 2020 and the data of regional meteorological stations in Liuma Town,Zhenning County,Anshun City,Guizhou Province,where the quality of Prunus salicina‘Fengtang’is the best,the climatic values corresponding to the climatic indicators of temperature,precipitation and sunshine in Liuma town in 200 townships in Qiandongnan Prefecture are calculated by mathematical statistics,and the climatic suitability of each township is calculated by using the fitness model.The results showed that 37.5%of the villages and towns in Qiandongnan Prefecture were in the climate suitable area for planting Prunus salicina‘Fengtang’,and there was no climate most suitable area;the climate suitability of flowering and fruit setting period of Prunus salicina‘Fengtang’is lower than that of germination,fruit growth and fruit maturity,which is the key period restricting the growth of Prunus salicina‘Fengtang’in Qiandongnan Prefecture;the main climatic factors restricting the growth of Prunus salicina‘Fengtang’in Qiandongnan Prefecture are the comprehensive suitability of temperature>comprehensive suitability of sunshine>comprehensive suitability of precipitation,phased continuous low temperature during flowering and fruit setting,more rainy days and less sunshine.Qiandongnan Prefecture has large topographic fluctuations and obvious climate differences.According to the local terrain and climate factors,the planting of Prunus salicina‘Fengtang’should be carried out in areas with more sunshine,less rain,high temperature,sunny and open.