不同解释变量对幼儿园班级课程质量的影响及其差异贡献率——基于多元线性回归和夏普里值分解方法的探索

What Impacts Variables at Different Levels Have on Class Curriculum Quality of Kindergarten in China Based on the Methods of Multiple Linear Regression and Sharpley Value Decomposition

班级是幼儿园教育的基本单位,班级课程质量直接关乎幼儿发展质量。班级课程质量差异受诸多因素影响。本研究基于我国5个省(自治区)100所幼儿园294个班级的问卷调查和教育质量评估数据,运用多元线性回归和夏普里值分解方法,探讨幼儿园和班级不同层面变量对班级课程质量的影响及其对班级课程质量差异的贡献率。结果发现,幼儿园层面变量对班级课程质量差异的相对贡献率远高于班级层面变量,其中幼儿园的自评改进和教师专业发展支持对班级课程质量具有极其显著的正向影响,园长领导力对班级课程质量具有非常显著的正向影响。班级层面变量中的教师专业背景对班级课程质量具有非常显著的正向影响,师幼比对班级课程质量则具有非常显著的负向影响,大额班级的课程质量显著低于非大额班级。教师学历、教龄、编制及工资待遇对班级课程质量虽然也具有正向影响,但是均未达到显著性水平。为提高班级课程质量,我国幼儿园和教育管理部门应加强园所内部评价,为教师专业发展提供有效支持,提高园长专业领导力,改善教师专业背景,努力消除大班额现象。

Class is the basic unit of kindergarten,and the quality of class curriculum is directly related to children’s development.Based on the education quality evaluation data and questionnaire survey data of 294 classes from 100 kindergartens of five provinces of China,multiple linear regression and Sharpley value decomposition had been used in this study to explore the influences of different variables at kindergarten and class level on class curriculum quality and their contribution rates to quality differences.Results indicated that the contribution rate of kindergarten variables to class curriculum quality difference is much higher than that of class variables.At the kindergarten level,the internal evaluation and the support of teachers’professional development have an extremely significant positive impact on the quality of class curriculum,and the leadership of the head of kindergarten also has a significant positive impact.At the class level,the professional background of class teachers has a significant positive impact on class curriculum quality,while the teacher-child ratio has a significant negative impact.The curriculum quality of large classes is significantly lower than that of other classes.However,the positive effects of teachers’educational background,teaching years,Bianzhi and salary have not reached a statistically significant level as expected.In order to improve the quality of class curriculum,kindergarten should strengthen the internal evaluation,and promote supports for teachers’professional development,the professional leadership of the head and teachers’professional background,as well as the government should make efforts on the balance of education resources to eliminate the phenomenon of large classes.