哈尔滨城市街区形态影响建筑能耗的尺度识别和机制探析

Scale Identification and Mechanism Analysis of Harbin Urban Block Morphology Affecting Building Energy Consumption in Severe Cold Regions

以严寒地区代表性城市哈尔滨为研究对象,从明晰城市街区形态和建筑能耗的研究范畴出发,以影响严寒地区建筑能耗的街区形态尺度识别为基础,通过建筑能耗模拟与统计学分析方法,判定了影响建筑能耗的街区形态指标,并探讨了各指标对建筑能耗的影响程度和影响机制。研究结果表明:以建筑平面的几何中心为圆心、100 m长为半径的街区形态尺度对建筑能耗影响最为显著;街区的建筑密度、容积率、建筑平均高度、道路高宽比、绿地率和周边建筑外墙总表面积对建筑能耗具有不同程度影响。据此,在建筑节能导向的街区形态设计和街区形态的建筑节能适宜性评估两方面,对研究结论在规划实践中的应用进行了相应思考。

Taking Harbin,a representative severe-cold-region city,as the research object,starting from clarifying the research scope of urban block morphology and building energy consumption,and based on the identification of block morphology scale affecting building energy consumption in severe cold regions,this paper identified the block morphology indexes affecting building energy consumption and analyzed the influence degree and mechanism of each index on building energy consumption with statistical analysis methods.The results showed that the scale of block morphology with the geometric center of the building plane as the center and a 100 m radius as the radius had the most significant impact on building energy consumption;building site cover ratio,floor area ratio,average building height,road height-width ratio,green space ratio and total surface area of surrounding buildings had different degrees of influence on building energy consumption.Furthermore,the application of the research conclusions in building energy-saving oriented block morphology design and building energy-saving suitability evaluation of block morphology was discussed.