药用植物走马胎的种苗繁殖及栽培技术研究进展

Research Progress on Seedling Propagation and Cultivation Techniques of Medicinal Plant Ardisia gigantifolia

走马胎(Ardisia gigantifolia)为紫金牛科(Myrsinaceae)紫金牛属(Ardisia)常绿植物,是多种中成药和药酒的主要原料,具有非常高的经济价值。走马胎野生资源临近枯竭,已不能满足市场需求,因此人工栽培技术发展迅速,有关其研究也从化学成分、药理作用和资源调查领域延伸至繁殖和栽培领域。目前,针对走马胎的繁殖研究主要集中在组培苗上,对种子和扦插育苗的研究相对缺乏;而栽培研究则多集中于走马胎的生长环境、立地条件和水分管理等方面,对其采后加工和病虫管理的研究不足。本文对现有的走马胎种苗繁殖和栽培技术进行归纳总结,并结合笔者自身的经验对目前研究中存在的问题进行分析与讨论,同时进一步对走马胎药材未来的研究方向进行展望。

Ardisia gigantifolia is an evergreen plant of the genus Ardisia in the family Myrsinaceae which is the main raw material of a variety of Chinese patent medicine and medicinal liquor,and has very high economic value.The wild resources of A.gigantifolia are close to exhaustion and cannot meet the market demand.Therefore,the artificial cultivation technology has developed rapidly,and the research on it has also extended from the field of chemical composition,pharmacological action and resource investigation to the field of propagation and cultivation.At present,the research on the propagation of A.gigantifolia is mainly focused on tissue culture seedlings,and the research on seed and cutting seedling is relatively lacking.However,the cultivation research is mostly focused on the growth environment,site conditions and water management of A.gigantifolia,and the research on post harvest processing and pest management is insufficient.In this article,the existing seedling propagation and cultivation techniques of A.gigantifolia are summarized,and the problems existing in the current research are analyzed and discussed in combination with our own experience.At the same time,the future research direction of A.gigantifolia is further prospected.