高技术服务业就业扩张的外部性研究:劳动力市场视角

Research on the Externalities of Employment Expansion in High-Tech Service Industry:Based on the Perspective of Labor Market

在贯彻落实创新驱动发展战略背景下,城市高技术服务业的迅速发展对其他行业就业与收入的影响直接关系中国未来经济发展的可持续性.同时,中国不同区域的产业结构、人力资本结构与生活成本变动弹性等存在明显差异,会使高技术服务业发展与其他行业劳动力福利间关系有所不同.本文首先在理论上构建了考虑地区生活成本差异并反映高技术服务业与其他行业劳动力之间知识外溢的空间一般均衡模型.其次,基于城市层面的中观数据和流动人口动态监测调查微观数据进行分析.研究认为,其他行业对高技术服务业的就业弹性大约为0.58;高技术服务业就业扩张与本地其他行业劳动力的实际工资水平呈U形关系.再次,从城市住房供给弹性、产业结构合理化两个角度展开进一步分析,验证了生活成本与技术外溢对高技术服务业就业扩张外部性的重要影响.最后,将高技术服务业按照其技术附加值程度进一步划分,发现不同技术附加值的高技术服务业也存在差异性就业扩张外部效应.

In the context of implementing the innovation-driven development strategy,the impact of rapid development of urban high-tech service industry on employment and income in other industries is directly related to the sustainability of Chinese future economic development.At the same time,the significant differences in industrial structure,human capital structure and elasticity of cost-of-living changes in different regions of China may make the different relationship between the development of high-tech service industry and labor welfare in other industries.Firstly,this paper theoretically constructed spatial general equilibrium model considering regional cost of living differences and reflecting knowledge spillover between high-tech service industry and labor in other industries.And then carried out the analysis based on city-level meso data and micro data from migration dynamic survey.The study found that the employment elasticity of other industries to high-tech service industry was about 0.58.The services employment expansion had a U-shaped relationship with the real wage level of the local labor force in other industries.Further analysis was conducted from the perspectives of urban housing supply elasticity and industrial structure rationalization to verify the important influence of cost of living and technology spillover on the externalities of employment expansion in high-tech service industry.Finally,the high-tech service industry was further classified according to its degree of technological added value,and found that there were also differential employment expansion externalities for high-tech service industry with different technological added value.