数字技术对农民工劳动收入和福利的影响——基于产业结构转型视角的分析

The Impact of Digital Technology on the Employment Income and Welfare of Migrant Workers:Using the Perspective of Industrial Structure Transformation

文章基于2012、2014、2016和2018年中国劳动力动态调查数据,分析了数字技术对农民工劳动收入和福利的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,数字技术显著提高了农民工的劳动收入和福利水平。数字技术引致的收入提升在农民工群体内部具有技能偏向型特性,而在社会资本和心理资本维度上,农民工劳动收入和福利水平的提升尚未呈现出显著差异。使用机器学习算法分组检验结果表明,综合禀赋水平高的农民工劳动收入提升幅度更大。数字技术通过提高产业结构合理化水平、促进产业结构高级化和产业数字化转型等渠道影响农民工劳动收入和福利。文章认为,当前应深化数字技术与传统行业的融合,推动产业结构转型升级,提升农民工劳动收入和福利水平。同时,着力提升社会经济特征处于劣势的农民工的人力资本,以缩小农民工群体内部的收入差距。

This study examines the impact of the digital technology on the employment income of migrant workers and its heterogeneity using data from the China Labor Force Dynamic Survey in 2012,2014,2016,and 2018.The research shows that the development of the digital technology has significant positive impacts on the improvement of employment income and the welfare of migrant workers.The wage effect of digital technology is skill-biased,while no difference is observed for the effects in respect of migrant workers'social and psychological capitals.Further tests on the subgroups using machine learning algorithms show that the increase in employment income is greater for the migrant workers with higher comprehensive endowments.Digital technology affects the employment income and welfare of migrant workers through channels such as the rationalization of industrial structure,the advancement of industrial structure,and the digital transformation of the industry.This study suggests that the government should further deepen the integration of digital technology in traditional industries,promote the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure,and improve the income of migrant workers.At the same time,it should focus on improving the human capital of socioeconomically disadvantaged migrant workers to solve the problem of disparate income distribution.