孕期碘摄入情况对母体和胎儿健康的影响

Effects of Iodine Deficiency and Excess During Pregnancy on Fetal Health

人体碘摄入量与甲状腺疾病关系密切,碘摄入过高或过低都可导致甲状腺疾病发生率增加,呈“U”型曲线关系。适宜的碘营养状态对维持机体正常甲状腺功能十分重要,妊娠期妇女作为特殊群体,更需要保证机体碘营养状态正常。尿碘是评估机体碘含量的重要指标,若妊娠期妇女没有重视碘的合理摄入,从而出现尿碘水平超出适宜范围,即碘过量或碘缺乏,既影响母体的健康,也会对胎儿生长发育产生一系列严重的甚至不可逆的影响。但关于孕期碘摄入情况对母体和胎儿健康影响的综合性研究较少,本文主要研究妊娠期妇女碘摄入过量或不足的原因及碘过量及碘缺乏对母体和胎儿各自的影响及作用机制,并列举了不同食物的碘含量,提出妊娠期妇女科学的补碘方法,以提高胎儿和母体的健康水平。

There is a close relationship between human iodine intake and thyroid diseases.Some studies say that too high or too low iodine intake can lead to an increase in the incidence of thyroid diseases,showing a"U"shaped curve.Appropriate iodine status can maintain normal thyroid function in the body.As a special group,pregnant women need to ensure normal iodine status in the body.Urinary iodine is an important index to evaluate the iodine content of the body.If pregnant women do not pay attention to the reasonable intake of iodine,the level of urinary iodine exceeds the appropriate range,that is,iodine excess or iodine deficiency,which will not only affect the health of the mother,but also produce a series of serious or even irreversible effects on the growth and development of the fetus.But about iodine intake during pregnancy on maternal and fetal health effects of comprehensive study is less.This article mainly studies women's excessive or deficient iodine intake during pregnancy and iodine excess and the cause of the effect of iodine deficiency on maternal and fetus and mechanism of action,and lists the iodine content of different foods and put forward some methords to improve the level of fetal and maternal health.