岳州窑相关问题再议

Re-investigation on Relevant Issues of the Yuezhou Kiln

本文结合文献与实物资料,在前人研究的基础上,对岳州窑兴衰时间、分期、历史地位和影响进行了深入探讨。硅酸盐版《中国陶瓷史》将越窑作为唯一在东汉中晚期始烧成熟青瓷的瓷窑,然近年考古材料表明,岳州窑始烧青瓷时间不比越窑晚,但不能以长沙白泥塘东汉永和元年(136年)M18出土罐作为始烧的最早纪年,窑址出土刻“汉安二年(143年)”的残片才是目前所知岳州窑最早烧造青瓷的确切年代。衰落时间也并非以往所说的中唐,而是五代。其兴衰可分为东汉至三国、两晋、南朝、隋至盛唐、中晚唐五代五个阶段,每次大的社会变迁均在岳州窑瓷上留下深深烙印。作为最早烧造青瓷的窑场,岳州窑持续时间长,是南朝定制宫廷用器的窑场,对北方瓷业及周边其他地区青瓷业产生深远影响,也为后来长沙窑的兴起提供技术基础和市场空间。

Based on previous studies,this paper combines literature and artifacts to discuss the rise and fall of the Yuezhou kiln,its phasing,historical status,and influence.The History of Chinese Ceramics published by the Chinese Ceramic Society lists Yue kiln as the only kiln that began firing mature greenware in the middle and late Eastern Han dynasty.Still,recent archaeological materials show that Yuezhou kiln began firing greenware no later than Yue kiln.The fragment inscribed with"Han'an s second year(143 A.D.)"is the earliest proof of greenware firing at Yuezhou kiln.Its decline was not in the middle of the Tang dynasty as previously stated,but in the Five Dynasties.Its rise and fall can be divided into five stages:the Eastern Han to the Three Kingdoms,the Jin dynasties,the Southern dynasty,the Sui dynasty to the flourishing period of Tang dynasty,and the Middle and Late Tang dynasty.As one of the earliest greenware kiln,Yuezhou kiln lasted for a long time and was the kiln of custom-made court wares in the Southern dynasty,which had a profound influence on the greenware industry in the north and other surrounding areas,and also provided a technical foundation and market space for the later rise of Changsha kiln.