公共安全治理中监管过失行为的刑法规制

Criminal Regulation of Act of Negligent Supervision in Public Safety Governance

加强公共安全监管执法,预防公共安全风险,是贯彻落实“总体国家安全观”“统筹发展和安全,建设更高水平的平安中国”的重要举措。不同于玩忽职守罪中的过失,公共安全监管过失是一种新型的监督过失,在犯罪构造中存在着作为“中间项”的第三人过失行为甚至故意行为,正是因为出现被监管者危害公共安全的行为,反证了从事监管执法的公务人员存在过失。公共安全监管过失既是过失犯也是不作为犯,存在双重开放的构成要件。应当专门立法设立公共安全监管失职罪,完善其主客观要件,以便统一司法适用,罚当其罪、兼顾预防,促使监管行为人恰当履行监管职责,积极履行作为义务,有效防范化解公共安全风险,遏制公共安全事件的发生,不断提升公共安全治理水平。

Strengthening public security supervision in law enforcement and preventing public security risks is an important measure of implementing“overall national security concept”and“integrating development and security,and building a higher level of peaceful China”.In difference of dereliction of duty,official supervision negligence of public security is a new type of supervision negligence whose constitution of crime includes other people's negligence or intentional offense as an“middle item”.Counterevidence for supervision negligence of public servants engaged in law enforcement has been presented just because of the offence against public security.Official Supervision Negligence is not only a negligent crime but also an omission crime,and has double opening constitutive requirements.Official supervision negligence of public security should be criminalized by legislation,and its subjective and objective elements should be improved in the process of judicial application,so that the defendant could be punished according to his behavior and prevented by performance of positive obligation appropriately,finally public risk could be well defused,public security incident could be controlled effectively,and the governance of public security would be constantly improved.