集中审理视角下民事证据调查阶段化研究

Research on the Stages of Civil Evidence Investigation from the Perspective of Concentrated Trial

民事诉讼中证据调查的顺序安排直接关系到庭审的效率与质量。我国立法在庭审外部层面将证据调查置于法庭辩论之前,在证据调查内部层面将人证置于书证物证之前。实务中证据调查的内部顺序又异化为主体轮流举证的混杂模式,进而引发了调查程序臃肿拖沓以及人证调查效果不佳的问题。究其原因,乃在于立法忽视了争点整理的前提基础且混淆了不同种类证据的作用原理。集约化的证据调查程序需要具备充分争点整理及高效人证调查两个要素。我国应当在庭审外部阶段重置法庭辩论与证据调查的顺位,在证据调查内部阶段将书证物证置于人证之前,并通过主张和书证的整理明确争点,进而在为人证询问做好充分运行准备的基础上,完善职权询问的规则以实现高效集约的证据调查。

The order of the evidence investigation in the civil action is directly related to the efficiency and quality of the trial.The legislation of China puts the evidence investigation before the court debate at the external level of the court trial,and the witness before the documentary evidences and material evidences at the internal level of the evidence investigation.In practice,the internal order of evidence investigation is dissimilated into the mixed mode of the subject taking turns to provide evidence,which leads to the problems of bloated and dilatory investigation procedure and the poor effect of witness investigation.The reason lies in the fact that the legislation ignores the premise and basis of issues arrangement and confuses the function of different kinds of evidences.Intensive evidence investigation procedure needs two elements:sufficient issues arrangement and efficient witness investigation.China should reset the order of court debate and court investigation at the external level of the court trial,place documentary evidences and material evidences before the witness,clarify the issues through the arrangement of claims and documentary evidences,and be fully prepared for witness inquiry,in order to improve the rules of authority evidence inquiry to realize efficient and intensive evidence investigation.