俄罗斯世界一流大学建设“5-100计划”成效分析与启示

Effect Analysis and Enlightenment of“Project 5-100”for the Construction of World-Class Universities in Russia

“5-100计划”是俄罗斯建设世界一流大学的首次尝试。通过分析2016年至2020年21所“5-100计划”入选高校9个方面绩效指标的预期值和实际值可知,这些高校在国际论文发表数量和质量、他校学生引入数量、招生质量提升方面成效显著,而学校的联邦预算外财政收入、科教人员的人均研发产出额、外国留学生以及国际教师引进等方面完成度较低。虽无一所“5-100”高校跻身世界大学排行榜前100,但远超5所高校进入世界大学学科排行榜。在“西方规则”的驱动下,俄罗斯世界一流大学建设不乏矛盾与困境,而灵活、开放且务实的高等教育改革理念又在一定程度上助其突破局限,实现组织管理体制、校级改革发展等方面的创新。

The“Project 5-100”is an initiative aimed at constructing world-class universities in Russia.From 2016-2020,the performance of 21colleges and universities selected for the project was evaluated by analyzing their expected and actual values for 9performance indicators.Results indicate that the universities have achieved noteworthy progress in several areas,namely the number and quality of international papers published,the number of students transferred from other colleges,and improvements in enrollment quality.However,the universities’extra federal budget revenue,per capita R&D output of scientific research staff,and introduction of foreign students and international teachers reportedly require more attention.Although none of the“5-100”universities ranked among the top 100in the world university rankings,a significant number of universities made it into the world university discipline rankings.The implementation of the“Western rules”has presented multiple obstacles to Russia’s world-class university development.Nevertheless,the flexible,open,and pragmatic approaches to higher education reform have helped universities navigate some of these difficulties and make progress in organization and management,school level reform,and development in other areas.