印度对“印太战略”的认知与想象——基于与美国的简要比较

India's Cognition and Imagination of"Indo-Pacific Strategy"——Based on a Brief Comparison with the United States

自特朗普提出并实施美国的“印太战略”以来,印度的战略地位得到空前提升。在此背景下,印度的“印太”构想经历了由模糊到清晰、由争论到共识的演进过程。当然,印度并非完全认同和配合美国的“印太战略”和对华政策。相反,莫迪政府推进“印太战略”有着自身的诉求与期待。本文以批判地缘政治学为理论视角,旨在考察印度参与“印太战略”的三大诉求,并尝试挖掘印度实施“印太战略”背后的认知与地缘政治想象,并与美国进行比较,以揭示两国差异行动的主要驱动和基本逻辑。通过考察发现,印美在国家角色定位、自我—他者关系和战略区域划分等主要方面存在较大的认知差异;印度政府和美国政府对于印度洋—太平洋地区的想象分别类似于“W形行动圈”与“半嘴形包围圈”的战略图式;印度追求领导性大国、构建多维身份认知以及经略“印太”海域的战略诉求有悖美国在“印太”地区的中长期利益。印美两国对于“印太战略”的认知与想象差异将直接影响各自战略的走向和两国的合作模式。

Since Trump proposed and implemented the so-called"Indo-Pacific Strategy",India's strategic position has been elevated to an unprecedented level.In this context,India's conception of"Indo-Pacific"strategy has gone through the evolution process from vagueness to clarity,from controversy to consensus.Of course,India does not fully endorse and cooperate with the US Indo-Pacific Strategy and its policies towards China.Instead,the Modi government has its own demands and expectations in promoting the"Indo-Pacific Strategy".From the theoretical perspective of critical geopolitics,this article aims to examine the three major appeals of India's participation in the"Indo-Pacific Strategy".It also attempts to dig into the cognition and geopolitical imagination behind India's implementation of the"Indo-Pacific Strategy",and compare it with the US to reveal the main driving force and basic logic of the two countries'different actions.The study reveals that there are major cognitive differences between India and the US in such major aspects as national role positioning,self-other relations and strategic regional division;The Indian and American governments'visions of the"IndoPacific"region are similar to the"W-shaped sphere of operations"and the"half-mouth shaped encirclement"respectively;India's strategic appeals to be a leading power,build a multi-dimensional identity,and manage the"Indo-Pacific"waters run counter to the US medium and long term interests in the region.The differences in the perception and imagination of India and the United States on the"Indo-Pacific strategy"will directly affect the direction of their respective strategies and the mode of cooperation between the two countries.