当代西方男性气质研究——新的转向、方法与议题

The Masculinity Studies in Contemporary West——New Directions,Methodologies and Agendas

20世纪八九十年代以来,男性气质研究作为专门的学术领域在西方学术界兴起。通过从研究转向、核心取向以及重大议题这三个层面梳理当代男性气质研究的种种面向,可以呈现研究者的多元视角。这个学术领域的兴起,并不只是针对女权主义作出的回应,其关注的焦点也并不局限于性别解放的议题。该研究弥补了传统女权主义研究对男性身份不加区别的分析,同时也修正了早期“父权制”讨论中单一侧重制度与生产关系的考察。围绕男性气质展开的讨论,深受当代西方众多学术思潮的启发,开启了男性研究的新方向。多数学者认为,男性气质是社会建构的产物,它是父权制得以维系的文化基础。作为一项分析工具,男性气质被嵌入社会学、文化人类学、社会史、文化史、文学理论与批评以及其他文化研究之中。

Since the 1980s and 1990s,masculinitystudies haveemergedas a field of inquiry in western academia.This articleattempts to clarify some key aspects of the studies fromnewdirections,methodologies and issues,so as to present researchers'diverse perspectives.The rise of this academic field is not just a response to feminism,nor is its focus limited to issues of gender liberation.The study makes up for traditional feminist studiesthatanalyzed indiscriminately male identity,and revises the early discussion of "patriarchy"that focused only on institut ionsandproductiverelations.The debates around masculinitiesopening a new direction of men studies were deeply inspired by many contemporary western academic thoughts.Most scholars believe that masculinity isthe social construction and the cultural basis for patriarchy to be maintained.As an analytical tool,masculinity is embedded in sociology,cultural anthropology,social history,cultural history,literary criticism,and other cultural studies.