企业跨界创新中的价值共创研究:基于生态系统视角

Research on value co-creation in cross-border innovation of enterprises:A study based on the perspective of ecosystem

数字技术的快速发展改变了组织间合作与竞争关系,组织边界和价值创造方式也相应发生变化,企业可利用数字平台协调不同参与者的创新活动,从而对价值进行扩展和延伸。本文借助生态系统理论视角,刻画了核心企业主导、用户需求主导、开放创新主导以及生态系统主导等四种类型的跨界创新模式,并辅助案例分析归纳出资源异质效应、知识溢出效应、直接网络效应、间接网络效应以及数字同构效应驱动的跨界价值共创微观机制及其过程机制,为中国企业创新发展及数字化转型提供新启发。

The rapid development of digital technology has changed the relationship of cooperation and competition among organizations,and the organizational boundary and value creation mode has changed accordingly.Enterprises can use the digital platform to coordinate the innovation activities of different participants,so as to expand and extend the value.Cross-border innovation takes the ecosystem as the carrier,and the product or service innovation carried out by hub firms and different participants around the digital platform is a complex value co-creation process with dynamic characteristics.In this ecosystem structure,hub firms actively cooperate with different participants,engage with shaping a new innovation environment and create and capture of cross-border value through governance to internal and external participants of the organization.By reviewing the existing literature,the innovation ecosystem is an important context for firms to break boundaries and create value with multiple participants.It can be regarded as a coordination structure formed by different participants around a complex value proposition,including suppliers,complementors and users.With the entry of participants in different industries,the innovation ecosystem has expanded into a cross-border ecosystem on the interaction between participants and users.This paper describes different types of cross-border innovation models from the two dimensions of activity focus and control focus and summarizes them into four types:hub firm leading,user demand leading,open innovation leading and ecosystem leading.On this basis,assisted by case analysis,this paper summarizes the micro mechanism and process mechanism of cross-border value co-creation driven by resource heterogeneity effect,knowledge spillover effect,direct network effect,indirect network effect and digital isomorphism effect.The paper points out that:(1)It is emphasized that cross-border innovation is a dynamic process rather than a static one,and enterprises need to control and govern different types of cross-border models;(2)The logic of cross-border innovation is the transition process from single innovation activity to multiple innovation activities,and the interdependence between innovation participants is the key source of building a cross-border ecosystem;(3)This paper puts forward the theoretical framework and future research direction of value co-creation process mechanism in cross-border innovation,which has strong theoretical value.In addition,in the context of the digital economy,a large number of participants such as suppliers,complementors,users and even competitors have joined the innovation activities of enterprises,resulting in the cross-border activities of enterprises breaking through a single ecosystem category and emerging a more complex and dynamic ecosystem.Therefore,the mechanism of the formation of value co-creation reveals the new relationship between resource integration in cross-border innovation and provides useful inspiration for firm innovation development and digital transformation.